克氏原螯虾副产物的综合利用研究进展
2021-10-30王晨宇黄鸿兵尹思慧陈友明许志强潘建林
王晨宇 黄鸿兵 尹思慧 陈友明 许志强 潘建林
摘 要:随着克氏原螯虾产业的蓬勃发展,克氏原螯虾加工产业越来越受到重视,目前国内克氏原螯虾加工大多为初加工,大量的虾头、虾壳成为副产品,这些副产品中含有丰富的可利用成分,包括甲殼素、虾青素、壳聚糖等,可用于工业生产、医疗材料、食品加工等领域。本文阐述目前国内克氏原螯虾产业发展现状,总结克氏原螯虾副产物甲壳素、壳聚糖、虾青素相关加工产品及产业价值,克氏原螯虾副产物现有的提取方法现状,以及副产物提取遇到的环保和政策问题等,并提出相应对策,进一步引导甲壳副产物综合利用方向,为克氏原螯虾副产物加工产业发展提供参考。
关键词:克氏原螯虾;甲壳;副产物;综合利用
中图分类号:TS254 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.10.018
Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Shell by Products of Procambarus clarkii
WANG Chenyu, HUANG Hongbing, YIN Sihui, CHEN Youming,XU Zhiqiang, PAN Jianlin
(Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China)
Abstract: With the rapid development of Procambarus clarkii industry, Procambarus clarkii processing industry has been paid more and more attention. At present, the processing of Procambarus clarkii in China is mostly initial processing, and a large number of shrimp heads and shrimp shells have become by-products. These by-products contain rich available components, including chitin, astaxanthin, chitosan, etc., which could be used in industrial production, medical materials, and food processing and other fields. This paper expounded the current development status of Procambarus clarkii industry in China, summarized the processing products and industrial value of chitin, chitosan and astaxanthin related to Procambarus clarkii by-products, the current status of extraction methods of Procambarus clarkii by-products, and the environmental protection and policy problems encountered in the extraction of by-products. Meanwhile, corresponding countermeasures to further guide the comprehensive utilization of shell by-products were put forward, to provide reference for the development of Procambarus clarkii by-products processing industry.
Key words: Procambarus clarkii; shell; by-products; comprehensive utilization
克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)隶属节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目爬行亚目螯虾科原螯虾属,最早来源于北美洲,经过近70年的发展,成为我国重要的水生经济动物,养殖面积超过133万hm2,全国年产量超过200万t[1-2],形成了一个覆盖养殖、捕捞、收购、加工、销售、副产物综合利用的综合性产业。
克氏原螯虾加工一般包括出口加工和国内加工。出口加工的产品有带壳整虾、冻熟虾仁、冻熟风尾虾等产品。国内加工的产品包括调味整虾、速冻虾尾、速冻虾仁、虾黄、虾酱、甲壳副产物等[1]。近年来,随着克氏原螯虾国内消费比例逐年增大,内销的产量已经远远超过了出口量。据不完全统计,2019年,湖北、安徽、湖南、江西、江苏、山东、浙江7省的113家年加工量在100 t以上的规模化克氏原螯虾加工企业加工总量约80万t[2]。……
