马磊 路远 陈小文 刘艳娇 王海生

摘    要：为进一步优化草莓组织培养育苗技术体系，本试验以日光温室内草莓植株匍匐茎为原材料，研究外植体的消毒接种、启动培养、继代培养、生根培养、驯化移栽等关键技术。结果表明，最佳灭菌处理為75%酒精消毒20 s，0.1%HgCl2消毒3 min，成活率可达97.5%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+0.3 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 IBA，增殖系数3.6，平均株高3.66 cm;最佳生根培养基为MS（大量元素硝酸钾，硝酸铵减半）+25g·L-1蔗糖，生根率100%，平均根长3.65 cm，平均生根数5.7;最佳移栽基质配比为草炭土∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=3∶1∶1，成活率为98%。草莓组培育苗加快繁殖速度，增加繁殖系数，对草莓产业化育苗提供一定的参考价值。

关键词：草莓;组织培养;茎尖;驯化;育苗

中图分类号：S668.4         文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.10.013

Optimization of Tissue Culture System of Strawberry

MA lei1，LU Yuan1，CHEN Xiaowen2，LIU Yanjiao2，WANG Haisheng1

（1. Hebei Fuxiang Seed Technology Co.， Ltd.， Xingtai， Hebei 054000， China; 2.Beijing Zhongnongfutong Horticulture Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 100000， China）

Abstract：In order to further optimize the strawberry tissue culture seedling technology system， the experiment was conducted with the stolon of strawberry in solar greenhouse， the key technologies of explant disinfection and inoculation， start-up culture， subculture， rooting culture， domestication and transplanting were studied.The results showed that the disinfection of the strawberry stem tips with 75% alcohol for 20 s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 min were optimal and could reach a survival rate of the tissue up to 97.5%. The optimal medium for proliferation was MS+0.3 mg·L-1  6-BA + 0.1 mg·L-1IBA， the proliferation coefficient was 3.6， and the average plant height was 3.66 cm. The optimal medium for rooting medium was MS （1/2KNO3 and 1/2NH4NO3）+25g·L-1sucrose， the rooting rate was 100%， the average root length was 3.65 cm， and the average rooting number was 5.7. The optimal basic medium was peat∶perlite∶vermiculite at 3∶1∶1 ratio that provided a seedling survival rate of 98%. Comprehensively，strawberry tissue culture could accelerate the propagation speed and increase the propagation coefficient，which provides a certain reference value for strawberry industrialization.

Key words： strawberry; tissue culture; stem tip; domestication; seedling breeding

草莓（Fragaria ananassa Duch.），蔷薇科多年生草本植物，被誉为“水果皇后”，其生长周期短、结果快、成熟早、管理加工容易，在浆果类水果中，栽培面积和产量均占较大比例[1]，其栽培面积仅低于葡萄。据统计，截止2018年，我国草莓种植面积超17万km2[2]，种苗需求量巨大，草莓的繁殖方式成为日渐关注的对象。草莓育苗方法主要是匍匐茎繁殖，但该方法导致积累病毒多、植株矮小、繁殖系数低、产量较低且品种退化严重。随着我国农业的快速发展，草莓的繁殖方式也在不断完善，目前通过组织培养技术繁育草莓苗，可以快速获得大量的草莓种苗，其品质高、植株生长快、繁殖系数高、病虫害少且果实的商品价值和经济价值较高[3]。因此，系统优化草莓高效高产的组培育苗技术，对草莓优质品种繁育，工厂化种苗生产意义重大。……