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上部挂灰烟叶形成与蜡质层的关系研究进展

2021-10-30孙皓月史洪涛顾会战谢良文

天津农业科学 2021年10期

孙皓月 史洪涛 顾会战 谢良文

摘    要:角质蜡质是植物在长期抗性生理过程中形成的次生代谢产物,也是导致上部叶挂灰,烟叶可用性降低的重要原因。为保障烟叶原料水平和经济效益,解决上部叶挂灰问题成为一种必然需求。本研究报告了目前国内外上部叶挂灰烟形成机理、原因分析及蜡质层对其影响的研究现状,结合生产实际在已有研究文献的基础上总结出蜡质层厚度含量、化学组分、结构对烟叶挂灰造成的影响进行归纳总结。为调整烘烤工艺、揭示烟叶蜡质层调控机制、培育不易挂灰新品种提供参考。

关键词:上部叶;挂灰烟叶;蜡质层

中图分类号:S572          文献标识码:A         DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.10.015

Research Progress on the Relationship  between the Formation of  Upper Browning Tobacco Leaves and the Wax

SUN Haoyue1, SHI Hongtao2, GU Huizhan2, XIE Liangwen3

(1.Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China; 2.Guangyuan Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province,Guangyuan,

Sichuan 628000, China; 3. Sichuan Branch of China National Tobacco Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China)

Abstract: As a secondary metabolite generated by plants in the long-term resistance physiological process, cutin wax was considered an important factor in causing the browning on upper leaves and reducing usability of tobacco leaves. In order to guarantee the quality level and economic benefits of tobacco raw materials, it has become an inevitable demand to solve the problem of the browning on the upper tobacco leaves. This study reviewed the current status of domestic and foreign research on the formation mechanism, cause analysis, and the influence of waxy layer on the upper leaf browning. Then, combined with the actual production, based on the existing research literature, it summarized the influence of the thickness, content, chemical composition and structure of the waxy layer on the formation of the browning on tobacco leaves. The study aimed to provide references for adjusting the curing process, discovering the regulation mechanism of the waxy layer of tobacco leaves, and cultivating new varieties that are not prone to be browned.

Key words: upper leaves; browning tobacco; wax

上部葉占烤烟整株的1/3,其质量影响着烤烟总体产量。由于上部叶浓度厚实饱满,香气浓郁,为卷烟产品增质提香,改善吃味,对凸显与巩固卷烟牌号香型和品质起着非常重要的作用[1]。但我国上部叶生产中存在的问题较多,叶片组织密而厚,成熟慢,主要体现在青、杂、僵,尤其是上部叶杂色(以挂灰烟为主)和叶片僵硬等问题仍未得到有效地解决。目前,我国上部叶质量和可用性发展受到限制,与国外卷烟配方中上部烟叶占到整个烟叶使用率高达40%的比例相差较大[2]。

挂灰烟一直是烟叶烘烤的研究重点。在实际生产中,由褐变反应而导致的烟叶挂灰是制约烟叶可用性的重要原因之一[3],同时烟叶颜色是烟草外观质量评价的重要指标,也是烟叶分级、烟叶评价标准、打叶配方质量控制等方面的重要依据。……

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