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中熟松散型花椰菜新品种‘优松68’

2021-10-30单晓政文正华张小丽李戍彤杨金兰孙德岭

天津农业科学 2021年10期

单晓政 文正华 张小丽 李戍彤 杨金兰 孙德岭

摘    要:‘优松68是秋中熟松散型花椰菜一代杂种,以细胞质雄性不育系HZ-16为母本,以DH系HL-13为父本配制而成。该品种在华北地区秋露地生育期70 d左右。株高为70 cm,株展为75 cm×80 cm,株型直立,叶片长椭圆形,灰绿色;花球松大,白嫩,青梗,球面光滑,米粒均匀,质地脆甜,品质优,商品性好。单球质量2.0 kg左右,平均产量60 000 kg·hm-2左右,田间表现耐热耐湿、生长速度快、抗黑腐病,适合华北地区等地秋季露地栽培。

关键词:松散型松花菜;优松68;秋中熟;细胞质雄性不育;一代杂种

中图分类号:S635.3          文献标识码:A         DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.10.001

A New Loose-curd Cauliflower Variety: 'Yousong 68'

SHAN Xiaozheng1, WEN Zhenghua1,ZHANG Xiaoli1,LI Shutong2,YANG Jinlan3,SUN Deling2

(1.Tianjin Kernel Vegetable Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Resources Innovation/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin, 300384,China; 2. Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China;3.Zhengzhou Vegetable Research Institute, Zhengxhou, Henan 450015, China)

Abstract: 'Yousong 68' is a new mid-autumn maturing F1 hybrid and loose-curd cauliflower which is inbred by female parent sterile line 'HZ-16' and DH line' HL-13' as male parent. The characteristics of 'Yousong 68' are as follows. It takes about 70 days from transplanting to harvest in autumn open field in North China.The plant type is upright; the leaves are long oval, greyish green; and thehead is hemisphere shaped in white color with green stalks. It taste sweet and tender, the quality is excellent. Its single head weight is about 2.0 kg, and the average yield of conventional cultivation is about 60 000 kg·hm-2. It is resistant to black rot in the field.Comprehensively, 'Yousong 68' is suitable for open cultivation in autumn in North China.

Key words: loose-curd cauliflower; Yousong 68; mid-maturation; cytoplasmic male sterility; F1 hybrid

松散型花椰菜又名松花菜,由于其口味獨特而深受生产者和消费者喜爱。我国已成为世界上花椰菜栽培面积最大的国家[1]。目前松花菜种植面积已达到我国花椰菜总面积的70%,年种植面积达到27万hm2[2]。其市场价格也高于普通花椰菜,种植农户的经济效益显著。为满足农民提早上市提高经济效益的目的,优质中早熟品种的选育极为重要,同时也为加速我国具有自主知识产权的松花菜品种推广,天津科润蔬菜研究所利用雄性不育系结合游离小孢子培养技术培育出秋中熟松散型花椰菜新品种‘优松 68。

1 材料和方法

1.1 亲本

母本 HZ-16 是台湾引进松花菜 F1‘庆农 65经过 7 代分离、纯化,同时经田间鉴定、评价、筛选后,获得优良自交系 HZ-16F,与自选的细胞质雄性不育源(CMS01)连续回交 6 代获得的松花菜优良胞质雄性不育系。生育期 65 d,植株直立,抗病性好,花球半球形,梗绿,单球质量约 1.0 kg。……

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