舒玲，李悟庆

摘 要 铅锌矿区土地根据其利用情况分为自然地、菜园地和稻田，项目研究区各类型用地土壤中铅、锌、铜元素，均高于湖南省表土背景值，具明显累积特征，铅、锌、镉元素富集系数值由高到低依次为自然地土壤、菜园地土壤、稻田土壤。各类型用地土壤中铅、锌、铜、镉元素累积含量与铅锌矿区尾砂、废水及用地灌溉方式密切相关。

关键词 用地类型;铅、锌、铜、镉元素;累积特征;机理分析

中图分类号：P66 文献标识码：A

Accumulation Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis of Lead， Zinc， Copper and Cadmium in Different Types of Land in Lead-zinc Mine Area

Shu Lin， Li Wuqing

（1.Hunan Vocational College of Engineering， Changsha Hunan 410151;

2.Hunan Institute of Geological Survey， Changsha Hunan 410114）

Abstract： The land in lead-zinc mine area is divided into natural land， vegetable garden land and paddy field according to its utilization. The contents of lead， zinc and copper in the soil of various types of land in the project study area are higher than that of background value of Hunans topsoil， showing obvious accumulation characteristics. The enrichment coefficient values of lead， zinc and cadmium from low to high are natural soil， vegetable garden soil and paddy soil. The contents of Pb， Zn， Cu and Cd in soils of different types of land use are closely related with tailings， wastewater and irrigation methods of land use in lead-zinc mine area.

Keywords： type of land use; lead， zinc， copper and cadmium; cumulative features; mechanism analysis

項目选定桃林铅锌矿区为研究区，矿区土地根据其利用情况分为未利用的自然地、农业耕作的菜园地和稻田。土壤中铅、锌、铜、镉元素源自于成土母岩、尾砂和废水（包括尾砂排渗水及矿坑水）。铅、锌、铜、镉元素因尾砂扬尘撒落、废水入地表水系继而灌溉菜园地和稻田，在各类型用地土壤中累积。研究铅锌矿区不同类型用地土壤中铅、锌、铜、镉元素累积[1]特征，分析土壤中铅、锌、铜、镉元素累积机理，对防治铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染具有重要意义。

1 样品采集与分析概况

样品采集包括尾矿库尾砂，尾矿库主风向影响区及废水排放下游灌区的自然地、菜园地和稻田土壤。

尾砂取样点分布于自尾矿库边缘向中心露头处，自然地土壤取样点分布于丘坡及坡脚，耕地土壤取样点分布于坡脚及谷底。尾砂样在选定采样点及半径5 m范围内布置5个点，剥除表层，各取尾砂0.5～1 kg，合成1个样品，总量约4 kg;自然地土壤样在选定采样点及半径5 m范围内布……