徐锋　吴洁　陈滕　张梅　黄旭龙　吴红梅

【摘要】目的：对苗药地瓜藤化学成分进行理化鉴别及构建地瓜藤中总皂苷的含量测定方法，为地瓜藤的质量控制提供参考。方法：对地瓜藤进行理化鉴别，并以齐墩果酸为对照品，采用香草醛-冰醋酸-高氯酸为显色剂，在514 nm波长下测定。结果：发现地瓜藤含有糖类、香豆素类和黄酮类等成分。对照品在0.0141～0.0341 mg/mL线性关系良好，方法学验证均符合要求。所测定11个产地中，重庆市永川区陈食镇双河村产地瓜藤的总皂苷含量最高，达38.02 mg/g。结论：苗药地瓜藤所含化学成分种类丰富，且实验中建立的总皂苷测定方法具有快速、简便、精密度良好等优点，可用于地瓜藤药材的质量控制。

【关键词】苗药;地瓜藤;不同产地;理化鉴别;总皂苷

【中图分类号】R284.1 【文献标志码】 A【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）23-0048-04

Physicochemical Ldentification of Digua Fig Stem and Leaf and Determination

of Total Saponin Levels in Digua Fig Stem and Leaf

XU Feng WU Jie CHEN Teng ZHANG Mei HUANG Xulong WU Hongmei

Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Guiyang 550025， China

Abstract：Objective To identify the components contained in Miao medicine digua fig stem and leaf used physicochemical methods and construct a method for the determination of total saponins in digua fig stem and leaf， so as to provide a reference for the quality control of digua fig stem and leaf. Methods The physicochemical identification of digua fig stem and leaf was carried out， and oleanolic acid was used as the reference substance， vanillin-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid was used as the color developing agent， and the determination was carried out at a wavelength of 514 nm. Results It was found that digua fig stem and leaf contains polysaccharides， coumarins and flavonoids. The reference substance has a good linear relationship at 0.0141～0.0341 mg/mL， and the methodological verification meets the requirements. Among the 11 production areas determined， the total saponins content of digua fig stem and leaf produced in Shuanghe Village， Chenshi Town， Yongchuan District， Chongqing City was the highest， reaching 38.02 mg/g. Conclusion There are many kinds of chemical components in Miao medicine digua fig stem and leaf. The total saponins determination method established in the experiment has the advantages of rapidness， simplicity and good precision， and can be used for quality control of digua fig stem and leaf medicinal materials.

Key words：Miao Medicine; Digua Fig Stem and Leaf; Different Producing Areas; Physical and Chemical Identification;Total Saponins

苗藥是指在苗岭山脉、乌蒙山脉、武陵山脉、鄂西山脉及大庙山脉的苗族聚居地种植、生长的中草药^[1]。苗药与中药的药性、药物分类等都有较大的区别，如苗药的药性体现在“五经”“五性”“热药”“冷药”上^[2]，而中药的药性则体现在“四气五味”“升降浮沉”“归经”“毒性”等方面。苗药地瓜藤为桑科植物地瓜榕（Ficus tikoua Bur.）的茎、叶，其味苦，性寒，为苗族人民常用药材，具有清热利湿、活血通络、解毒消肿的功效，主治肺热咳嗽，痢疾，水肿，黄疸，风湿疼痛等^[3]。研究^[4-8]表明地瓜藤具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性，具有良好的开发应用价值。而关于地瓜藤的化学研究报道相对较少，分离得到的地瓜藤成分主要为三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、甾体类、香豆素类和有机酸类等^[9]。……