尹紫薇 陈维 李静楠 王璐瑶

摘    要：設施番茄种植是宁河区设施农业的发展重点，为科学指导日光温室设施番茄生产、高效合理地利用日光温室气候资源，在宁河区日光温室内开展冬春茬番茄优势品种栽培试验，跟踪番茄全生育期生长，对番茄各生育期内气象要素进行统计分析，确定日光温室番茄适宜生长的昼、夜温湿度及土壤温度等气象条件区间，并归纳总结得到本地适宜的日光温室番茄全生育期相关气象服务指标。结果表明：移栽到开花期适宜昼温15～25 ℃，夜温12～20 ℃，适宜土壤温度19～23 ℃;开花到坐果期以昼温10～25 ℃、夜温8～15 ℃为宜，适宜土壤温度14～17 ℃;坐果到采收成熟期适宜昼温为10～25 ℃，适宜夜温10～18 ℃，适宜土壤温度14～16 ℃;采收成熟到拉秧期适宜昼温为15～30 ℃，适宜夜温10～25 ℃，适宜土壤温度为16～18 ℃。全生育期白天相对湿度以50%～80%为宜，夜间以60%～90%为宜。

关键词：日光温室;番茄;气象服务;指标

中图分类号：S641.2;S61.2          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.09.017

Study on Meteorological Service Indicators of Greenhouse Tomato in Winter and Spring in Ninghe District

YIN Ziwei，CHEN Wei， LI Jingnan，WANG Luyao

（Ninghe District Meteorologogical Office， Tianjin 301500，China）

Abstract： Greenhouse tomato planting is the key point of facility agriculture development in Ninghe district. In order to scientifically direct greenhouse tomato production and make efficient and rational use of greenhouse climate resources， the cultivation experiment of winter and spring tomato dominant varieties was carried out in the greenhouse of Ninghe district. The growth of tomato in the whole growth period was tracked， and the meteorological elements in each growth period were statistically analyzed. The suitable meteorological conditions such as temperature and humidity at day and night and soil temperature for tomato growth in solar greenhouse were determined， and the suitable meteorological service indexes for tomato growth in solar greenhouse were summarized. The results showed that the suitable day temperature of transplanting to flowering period was 15-25 ℃， night temperature was 12-20 ℃， and soil temperature was 19-23 ℃. From flowering to fruiting stage， the day temperature was 10-25 ℃， the night temperature was 8-15℃， and the suitable soil temperature was 14-17 ℃. From fruit setting to harvest， the suitable day temperature was 10-25 ℃， the suitable night temperature was 10-18 ℃， and the suitable soil temperature was 14-16 ℃. From harvest to uprooting， the suitable day temperature was 15-30 ℃， the suitable night temperature was 10-25℃， and the suitable soil temperature was 16-18 ℃. During the whole growth period， the relative humidity should be 50% - 80% in daytime and 60% - 90% at night.

Key words： solar greenhouse; tomato; meteorological; services; indicators

2021，27（9）：78-82

近年来，天津市宁河区积极推进都市型现代农业发展，大力推行农业结构调整，逐步增加设施蔬菜种植。其中设施番茄生产对宁河区周年供应蔬菜、丰富果蔬种类和增加农民收入等起着重要作用，已成为宁河区设施农业的发展重点。并且随着人们生活水平的提高，优质的番茄日益受到消费者的青睐，设施番茄的种植面积也在逐年增加。

设施番茄植株生长和果实发育过程除与品种等因素有关外，还与设施内环境密切相关。国内外很多学者针对设施番茄生长发育与气……