吴飞跃

摘    要：为探索散叶烘烤适宜的装烟方式，本试验以K326 为材料，研究了散叶插签、烟框装烟及靠背装烟3种装烟方式对风速、烤后烟叶外观质量、经济性状及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明，与散叶插签装烟方式相比，烟框装烟和靠背装烟方式烘烤过程中风速较大，改善了烟叶外观质量，提高了烟叶经济性状，二者的上、中等烟率分别为82.40%，84.41%，分别提高了5.31，7.32百分点，且有利于烟叶化学成分的协调，其中靠背装烟方式效果最好。

关键词：散叶;装烟方式;烘烤环境;烟叶质量

中图分类号：TS44+3         文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.09.016

Effects of Different Tobacco Loading Methods on Curing Environment and Quality of Cured Tobacco Leaves

WU Feiyue

（Fujian China Tobacco Industry Co.， Ltd， Xiamen， Fujian 361012， China）

Abstract：To explore the suitable tobacco loading method for loose leaf curing，the experiment was conducted with K326  as material， the effects of three tobacco loading modes including loose leaf stick， tobacco frame loading mode， and backrest loading mode on wind speed， appearance quality of tobacco leaves after baking， economic properties， and chemical composition of tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that compared with the loose leaf stick loading method， the frame loading method and the back loading method had higher wind speed in the curing process， could improve the appearance quality and the economic properties of tobacco leaves， and was conducive to the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves.The ratio of superior and middle tobacco of the frame loading method and the back loading method were 82.40% and 84.41% respectively， which increased by 5.31， 7.32 percentage points compared to the loose leaf stick method. Comprehensively， the backrest loading mode had the best effect among the three tobacco loading modes.

Key words： loose leaves; tobacco loading method; curing environment; tobacco leaf quality

随着烟草行业的发展，烟叶种植模式发生深刻变革，尤其是烟叶烘烤模式由传统烤房逐渐向密集烤房演变，配套的装烟方式由烟竿、烟夹向方便装烤、卸烟的散叶装烟演变，装烟方式与烤房内气流运动关系密切，直接影响着烤房环境变化，进而影响烤后烟叶质量等[1-2]。目前散叶装烟方式有散叶插签、烟框、靠背、堆放等方式，此类装烟方式具有装烟量大、提高装烤烟效率、降工减耗等方面具有一定的优势，在进年来推廣应用较快[3-4]。因此开展不同装烟方式对烘烤环境及烤后烟叶质量的研究，对进一步明确散叶装烟烘烤环境变化及适宜散叶装烟方式意义重大。

前人在散叶烘烤方面已有大量研究。杨彦明[5]研究认为，笼式烟夹和散叶插扦装烟方式对烘烤环境均匀性较好，能提高烤后烟叶内在品质;高强等[6]研究表明，散叶装烟方式提高了烤房装……