施硼量对天祝县高寒山区油菜主要农艺性状及产量的影响
2021-09-28王爱民



摘要:以天祝县测土配方施肥推荐氮、磷、钾化肥量为基础,研究了不同硼肥用量对油菜主要农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,适宜施硼量对油菜主要农艺性状有一定的改良效果,对产量构成因子均有正效应,能提高单位面积产量。结合天祝县油菜生产实际,天祝县在测土配方施肥推荐氮、磷、钾化肥用量基础上(N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 180 kg/hm2、K2O 30 kg/hm2),施硼量以7.5 kg/hm2较为适宜。
关键词:高寒山区;油菜;硼肥;适宜施硼量;研究
中图分类号:S565.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)09-0030-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.008
Effects of Boron Application on Main Agronomic Characters and Yield of Rapeseed in Cold Highland Areas of Tianzhu County
WANG Aimin
(Tianzhu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tianzhu Gansu 733299, China)
Abstract:Based on the recommended amount of n, P and K fertilizer in Tianzhu County, the effects of different amount of borax fertilizer on main agronomic characters and yield of rapeseed were studied. The results showed that the appropriate amount of boron could improve the main agronomic traits of rapeseed, and had positive effects on the yield components, and could increase the yield per unit area. Combined with the practical rape production in Tianzhu County, based on the recommended amount of N, P and K fertilizer(N 180 kg/hm2、P2O5 180 kg/hm2、K2O 30 kg/hm2) in soil test formula fertilization, 7.5 kg/hm2 boron application rate is more suitable.
Key words:Cold Highland Areas;Rapeseed;Boron fertilizer;Suitable amount of boron;Research
天祝县地处甘肃省武威市南部高寒山区,以油菜品质好、产量高而驰名省内外,是甘肃省优质油菜生产区和重要的油菜制种基地之一。2000年开始引进甘蓝型“双低”油菜进行示范推广,2008年在油菜高产创建活动中创造了5 656.5 kg/hm2的历史记录[1 ]。硼是作物生长发育和产量形成所必需的微量營养因素[2 ]。随着高产优质“双低”油菜种植面积的不断扩大,特别是“双低”对硼反应更敏感,缺硼引起的花而不实及结实率降低现象更严重[3 - 4 ]。研究表明,施用硼肥对油菜的营养生长及产量构成因素均有促进作用[5 ];硼肥施用能增加油菜籽产量[6 ];油菜基施硼肥可提高油菜植株茎粗、分枝数、分枝角果数和单株角果数等[7 - 8 ]。目前,针对天祝县高寒山区油菜硼肥施用技术的研究较多[9 - 11 ],但在天祝县测土配方施肥推荐氮、磷、钾化肥用量基础上对硼肥不同用量的研究鲜见,我们对此进行了专题研究,以期优化天祝县油菜最佳硼肥用量指标,为油菜高产优质高效生产提供参考。……
