李金霞 刘慧军 李世刚 师海忠 樊红卫

摘要：从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、产量指标、栽培管理、收获等方面规范了河西冷凉灌区孜然套种胡麻栽培技术规程。

关键词：孜然;套种;胡麻;生产技术;规程;河西冷凉灌区

中图分类号：S565.9;S573   文献标志码：B   文章编号：1001-1463（2021）09-0095-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.021

Introduction and Evaluation of Six New Quinoa Strains in Haiyuan Dryland Region of Ningxia

LI Chenghu 1， MA Weiliang 2， CUI Jianrong 1， ZHANG Jiwei 3， ZHAO Pengshan 4， CHEN Guoxiong 4

（1. Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Haiyuan County， Haiyuan Ningxia 755299， China;2. Institute of Desertification Control， Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan Ningxia 750000， China;3. Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu Sichuan 611130， China;4. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou Gansu 730000， China）

Abstract：In this paper， with a new quinoa cultivar Longli 4 as the control， the performance of six new quinoa strains introduced in Haiyuan dry farming area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results showed that the six introduced quinoa new lines and the control cultivar Longli 4 could mature normally， the growth period was 110～116 days. There were differences in plant height， panicle shape， grain color， 1000-grain weight， stem folding degree and other traits between Longcheno4 and 6 new strains of quinoa. The yield of new quinoa cultivars（lines） were        3 245.78～7 872.89 kg/hm2， among which CA4-1 had the highest yield of 7 872.89 kg/hm2， 9.4% higher than the control cultivar Longli 4，  the yield increase was extremely significant. CA3-1 has the highest 1000-grain weight （3.64 g） and higher yield potential. According to the breeding objectives and production requirements of Haiyuan dryland area， CA3-1 and control cultivar Longli 4 were considered to have excellent comprehensive traits and good breeding， production and application prospects.

Key words：Chenopodium quinoa;New cultivars（lines）;Haiyuan;Dryland areas;Ecological adaptability

孜然是一种经济价值和药用价值较高的香料作物，由于生育期短、需水不多、耐盐碱等特性，是作物轮作、套种、复种的首选作物[1 - 4 ]。胡麻是我国的五大油料作物之一，具有蒸腾系数低、水分利用率高、喜凉、耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗病虫等优势特性[5 - 9 ]，河西灌区内主要栽培的油料作物，胡麻油是西北、华北一带居民的主要食用油[10 ]。河西冷凉灌区是甘肃省河西走廊的三大生态区域之一，主要分布于海拔1 700～  2 600 m的广大区域，独特的地理环境、优良的自然条件、丰富的光热资源，为孜然、胡麻的生产发展提供了基础[11 ]。长期以来，河西走廊以单种模式为主，导致连作加剧，农田土壤生態失衡，病虫草害严重[12 ]。间混套种模式不仅可以充分利用光热条件、土壤肥力，还协调作物的共生期、播种期、生育期（长短），提高土地的利用率，提升单位土地面积的产出率。因此，在河西冷凉灌区推广应用间混套作种植模式具有重要意义。

在河西地区孜然采用沙盖方法播种，播期一般在3月中旬[13 ]。也有人认为采用沙盖方法播种的适期是4月10 — 20日，采用土盖方法播种的适期是在3月10 — 20日[14 ];甘肃省胡麻的适宜播期一般在3月中下旬至4月上旬[15 ]。……