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河西灌区籽用西葫芦杂交制种技术

2021-09-28段军高艳红

甘肃农业科技 2021年9期

段军 高艳红

摘要:经生产实践,从播前准备、播种时间和方法、田间管理、杂交制种技术、种瓜采收及种子处理等方面总结了河西灌区籽用西葫芦杂交制种技术。

关键词:河西灌区;籽用西葫芦;杂交制种

中图分类号:S642.6        文献标志码:B       文章编号:1001-1463(2021)09-0093-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.020

Characteristics and Practical Requirements of New Industrial of Agriculture in The New Era

CHEN Wenjie, LI Hongxia

(Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)

Abstract:By defining the concept of new agricultural industrial, this paper divides new agricultural formats into two types. First is integration type, including high-tech integration, industry integration, industry internal restructuring and integration, new business main body integration and resource excavation. Second is separation type, and presents four characteristics which innovation, the openness, the sharing and the coordination. Finally, the practical requirements of the new agricultural formats in the new era are put forward in four aspects: the decisive role in resource allocation, the integration of urban and rural development, the main line of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and the deepening of the reform of the system and mechanism.

Key words:New agricultural industrial;Connotation and classification;Times characteristics;Practical requirements

籽用西葫蘆籽富含人体必需的氨基酸、维生素及钙、铁等多种营养元素,具有独特的营养价值和保健功效,广泛应用于炒食休闲食品、榨取食用油、医药、化妆等行业,需求量呈现稳定增长趋势。近年来,甘肃、新疆、内蒙古等地籽用西葫芦种植规模逐年扩大,经济效益不断提高,种子需求呈快速增长趋势。甘肃河西走廊灌区具有优越的种子生产自然条件,被业界称为“天然种子生产车间”和“天然种子仓库”,凭借区位优势和良好的种子生产基础,籽用西葫芦杂交制种产业得到快速发展,成为当地农业增效、农民增收的重要产业之一 [1 ]。

1   播前准备

1.1   地块选择

选择通风、保灌、疏松、肥沃的沙壤土。隔离区100 m以上[2 ] ,忌种葫芦科作物,远离马铃薯、甜菜、棉花地块。前茬以小麦、豆类为宜,实行5~7 a的轮作,避免与瓜类连作。

1.2   整地、 施肥、 起垄

开春后深翻平整土地,深翻时施入农家肥75~90 m3/hm2。整地后南北走向起垄,垄面宽160 cm,垄沟宽40 cm、深40 cm。起垄时施入磷酸二铵750~900 m3/hm2、硝酸铵225 kg/hm2,或单施氮磷钾复合肥(N-P2O5- K2O为15-15-15)300 kg/hm2 [3 ],并用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂7.5 kg/hm2,或50%百菌清可湿性粉剂7.5 kg/hm2进行土壤消毒。起垄后用70 cm黑膜横跨垄沟覆盖垄沟及沟两侧垄边。覆膜后5~7 d播种。

2   播种

2.1   播种时间

4月下旬气温稳定在12 ℃以上时播种。……

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