陈星宜 王静梅 杨苑 王璐

摘要：利用中宁县近30年气温数据， 采用气候倾向估计法，分析对枸杞生长发育有较大影响的3 — 7月平均气温、高温日数、低温日数、7月底前≥10 ℃的活动积温等气象指标的变化特征。结果表明，近30年中宁枸杞主产区年平均气温呈阶梯式上升，3月、5 — 7月月平均气温稳定升高，5 — 7月日最高气温≥32 ℃的日数也逐年增加。5月日平均气温≤16 ℃的日数随年代变化曲折减少，6 — 7月无明显变化;1 — 7月底≥10 ℃的活动积温随温度变化不断升高。

关键词：中宁;枸杞;气温

中图分类号：S161.2      文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）09-0026-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.007

Monitoring and Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality in Yuzhong County， Gansu Province Based on GIS

BU Chuyan 1， MI Chenglin 2， WANG Yanbin 2

（1. Gansu Vocational and Technical College of Architecture， Lanzhou Gansu 730050， China;2. Gansu Institute of Natural Resources Planning， Lanzhou Gansu 730000， China）

Abstract：Taking Yuzhong County in Gansu Province as an example， the monitoring and evaluation system of cultivated land quality at county level was established， uses the method of “key factor delineation” to divide the county-level cultivated land quality gradual change types，determines the leading factors， and arranges monitoring points. Monitor the dominant factors of the sample points， obtain the changes of the sample points，and calculate the representative area of each monitored sample， and then estimate the change of the gradual type districts and the cultivated land of the county. The results show that： compared with the updated evaluation results of the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County in 2017， the national utilization of cultivated land in Yuzhong County has increased by 0.38 on average. The main factors for changes in the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County are the irrigation guarantee rate and the content of soil organic matter.The arid and barren type and the mountain arid type have no change in the guarantee rate of zoning irrigation， and the soil organic matter content in the fertility-enhancing area has a tendency to decrease. In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County， irrigation projects should be implemented to solve the problem of no irrigation guarantee rate， while the low soil organic matter content should be solved by long-term continuous soil testing and formula fertilization or large amount of farm fertilizer application.

Key words：Cultivated land quality level;Gradient type partition ;Monitoring sample;Yuzhong County

目前，全國枸杞种植面积16.0万hm2，其中宁夏6.0万hm2，占全国的37.5%。中宁县是宁夏枸杞种植的集中地，枸杞面积稳定在1.3万hm2，占宁夏枸杞种植面积的23.5%，中宁县农民人均可支配收入的45.8%来自枸杞产业[1 ]。中宁枸杞主产区的气温变化直接影响枸杞的生长发育及产量、品质的形成。中宁枸杞11月至翌年3月处于休眠期，在此期间达到一定温度的积累，4月份枸杞才会逐步开始萌芽、展叶，5 — 7月枸杞进入夏果开花、形成、成熟阶段[2 ]。气温对于枸杞的整个生长发育过程有重要的影响。明确气温的变化规律及趋势，对于根据天气、气候变化，科学制定田间管理技术，获得枸杞高产、稳产具有重要意义。为此，我们对中宁枸杞主产区近30年气温变化进行分析[3 - 4 ]，以期为枸杞生产提供基于气象学的科学建议，以达到为枸杞产业保驾护航、趋利避害、提质增效的目的。

1   资料及方法

资料为宁夏回族自治区中宁气象站1990 — 2019年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温，来源于宁夏回族自治区气象信息中心。……