奶牛乳房炎病因与治疗措施
2021-09-27陈红红
陈红红
摘要:奶牛乳房炎是对奶牛养殖业危害较大的疾病,主要是微生物、物理或化学因素等刺激乳腺引起的乳腺炎症。发病后典型特征是乳汁的理化性质发生变化,乳腺组织发生病变。奶牛乳房炎分布范围广,发病率高,严重威胁奶牛养殖业、乳品工业的发展。该文通过对定西市安定区奶牛乳房炎的发病调查,对诱发奶牛乳房炎的病因及治疗措施进行分析和探讨。
关键词:奶牛乳房炎;病因;诊断;治疗
中图分类号:S858.23文献标识码:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.22.035
Etiology and Treatment of Mastitis in Dairy Cows
CHEN Honghong
(Neiguanying Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau,Anding District,Dingxi City,Dingxi Gansu 743011,China)
Abstract:Cow mastitis is a serious disease in dairy industry,which is caused by the stimulation of mammary gland by microorganism,physical or chemical factors. After the onset of typical features is the physical and chemical properties of milk changes,breast tissue lesions. Cow mastitis is widely distributed and has a high incidence,which threatens the development of cow breeding and dairy industry seriously. Based on the investigation on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows in anding district of Dingxi,the causes and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows were analyzed and discussed.
Keywords:cow mastitis,etiology,diagnosis,treatment
0引言
奶牛乳房炎又稱为奶牛乳腺炎,是奶牛场发病率高、危害大、治疗费用高、防治困难的一种疾病。奶牛乳房炎的发病率高达30%,由于乳房炎导致淘汰的奶牛达10%,给奶牛场造成严重的经济损失。由乳房炎引起的损失主要包括泌乳量降低、乳品质下降、废弃奶数量增加、治疗成本增高及牛群更替成本上升等。
1病因
奶牛乳房炎是乳腺组织受到多种因素影响引起的一种炎症反应,主要包括病原微生物、管理因素、环境因素、遗传因素等[1]。
1.1病原微生物感染
多达130多种病原微生物可以引起乳房炎,其中最主要的是病菌,其次为病毒和真菌。第一,细菌。乳房炎发生的主要原因是由病菌感染乳头引起的,金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、乳房链球菌、化脓棒状杆菌等是引起乳房炎的常见病菌,这些病菌在乳房表面、乳房内或牛生活的环境中滋生繁殖,通过接触、挤奶等方式导致感染发病。金黄色葡萄球菌是引起慢性乳房炎的主要病菌,一旦在牛群中传播很难根除,而且用药治疗很容易产生抗药性,对养殖业危害很大。……
