张梅

摘要：蛋鸡养殖是家禽养殖业的重要组成部分。蛋鸡开产前后会面临较多的应激刺激，如果没有做好饲养管理，蛋鸡很容易因为生理性因素、饲养管理因素及疾病因素而发生严重的腹泻疾病，危及蛋鸡的正常生长发育，甚至造成蛋鸡产蛋能力显著下降。因此在蛋鸡开产前后，应该做好腹泻疾病的针对性防控，明确发病原因，采取有效措施防治，确保在短时间内控制病情。该文主要论述蛋鸡开产前后腹泻发生原因与防治。

关键词：蛋鸡;腹泻原因;防治

中图分类号：S858.31文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.22.025

Causes and Control of Diarrhea in Laying Hens Before and after Laying

ZHANG Mei

（Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Yijinhuoluo Banner，Ordos Inner Mongolia 017200，China）

Abstract：Laying hens are an important part of the poultry industry. Laying hens will face more stress and stimulation before and after the start of production. If they don't do well in feeding management，laying hens will easily have serious diarrhea diseases because of physiological factors，feeding management factors and disease factors，it endangers the normal growth and development of laying hens，and even causes the laying ability of laying hens to decrease significantly. Therefore，the prevention and control of diarrhea should be done before and after laying hens，the cause of disease should be identified，and effective measures should be taken to control the disease in a short time. This paper mainly discusses the causes and control of diarrhea in laying hens before and after laying.

Keywords：laying hens，causes of diarrhea，prevention and treatment

0引言

蛋鸡的产蛋高峰期通常在28～35周龄，此时的产蛋率能够达到90%以上。产蛋高峰期是蛋鸡生理机能最旺盛的阶段，饲料利用率最高，此时如果饲养管理不当会对蛋鸡的产蛋性能造成严重的影响。大量研究表明，蛋鸡28周龄前或35周龄后很容易出现不同程度的腹泻症状。蛋鸡群的正常生长发育受影响，产蛋率显著下降，畸形蛋率显著升高，严重时很难出现产蛋高峰期。腹泻的出现还提高了饲料成本，采食的饲料大量排出体外，饲料利用率显著下降，极大地降低了经济效益。因此，蛋鸡大面积开产前后应该将腹泻的防控工作纳入饲养管理体系，认真分析原因，然后采取有效措施进行防范，真正做到早发现、早处理。

1蛋鸡开产前后发生腹泻原因

1.1应激原因

蛋鸡开产前后发生腹泻的应激原因包括内在原因和外在原因两个方面。内在原因主要是蛋鸡开产前后体重增加速度较快，体内产蛋组织，尤其是输卵管、卵巢的发育出現了显著的变化，以上变化均会造成机体承受很大的应激刺激。……