南宁地区献血人群ABO亚型的分子遗传学研究
2021-09-18何保仁刘金莲刘学军
何保仁 刘金莲 刘学军

[摘要]目的调查研究南宁地区无偿献血人群 ABO 亚型的分布特点及分子遗传学特征。方法收集2017年3月至2018年12月南宁地区无偿献血者血液样本,采用试管法对微板法筛查出的正反定型不一致的样本进一步做血型血清学分析,并进行亚型确认。对亚型样本进行基因克隆测序,测序结果用软件比对分析后,确定其基因型。结果从2017年3月至2018年12月南宁地区无偿献血者225587例血液样本中检出 ABO 亚型41例,其中 A 亚型6例、B 亚型25例、AB 亚型10例。对41例 ABO 亚型样本进行克隆测序分析,共检测出3个常见 O 等位基因(O01、O04、O13);3个常见 A 等位基因(A101、A102、Ael08)以及一个新的 A 等位基因;4个常见 B 等位基因(B101、B108、B305、Bw11)以及一个新的 B 等位基因。结论 ABO 亚型分布存在不均衡性和地域性差异。南宁地区献血人群 B 亚型出现的頻率高于 A 亚型,最常见的亚型是 A102和 Bw11。
[关键词]献血人群; ABO 血型; ABO 亚型;克隆测序
[中图分类号] R394.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号]2095-0616(2021)24-0030-04
Molecular genetics research on the ABO subtypes of the blood donors in Nanning region
HE Baoren LIU Jinlian LIU Xuejun
Nanning Institute ofTransfusion Medicine, Guangxi, Nanning 530007, China
[Abstract] Objective To probe into the distribution characteristics and molecular genetic characteristics of ABO subtypes among the voluntary blood donors in Nanning region . Methods The blood samples of the voluntary blood donors in Nanning from March 2017 to December 2018 were collected . For the samples screened by microplate technique to be with inconsistent positive and negative typing, further blood group serological analysis was carried out, and the subtypes were confirmed . After clone sequencing of genes of the subtype samples, the sequencing results were compared and analyzed by software and the genotypes were determined . Results From the 225587 blood samples of the voluntary blood donors in Nanning region from March 2017 to December 2018, 41 ABO subtypes were detected, of which 6 were subtype A, 25 were subtype B, and 10 were AB subtype . According to the clone sequencing analysis of 41 ABO subtype samples, those alleles that were detected included 3 common O alleles (O01, O04, O13), 3 common A alleles (A101, A102, Ael08) and 1 new A allele, 4 common B alleles (B101, B108, B305, Bw11) and 1 new B allele . Conclusion The distribution of ABO subtypes is unbalanced, and it varies among regions . The frequency of subtype B among the blood donors in Nanning region is higher than that of subtype A, and the most frequently seen subtypes are A102 and Bw11.
[Key words] Blood donors; ABO blood group; ABO subtype; Clone sequencing
自1900年奥地利科学家 Karl Landsteiner 发现 ABO 血型以来,ABO 血型系统一直是临床输血中最重要的血型系统之一[1-3]。在临床输血中,供受者 ABO 血型不合可导致严重的溶血反应,主要原因是 ABO 亚型引起的血型误判或漏检。因此,精准鉴定献血者的血型对保障临床输血安全具有重要意义。 ABO 亚型是由于基因突变,导致红细胞表面 A 抗原或 B 抗原表达数目减少,因此与抗 A 或抗 B 血清反应出现凝集强度减弱的现象[4-5]。本研究对2017年3月至2018年12月南宁输血医学研究所献血者常规血型检测中发现的41例 ABO 亚型标本进行基因克隆测序分析,旨在了解南宁地区献血人群 ABO 血型分布情况及 ABO 亚型分子生物学特征,积累本地区人群血型大数据资料,同时规范献血者血型筛查,以保障临床用血的安全性、有效性。……
