李倩倩 魏丽丽 王静远 张艳 谷如婷 张新伟

[摘要]目的对母婴保健服务相关政策文件进行分析，为政策的优化提供参考依据。方法基于内容分析方法 ， 从供给型、环境型和需求型政策工具出发 ， 从多个角度剖析我国母婴保健服务政策现状 ， 并对政策工具搭配的科学合理性以及存在的问题进行深入探讨。结果221个政策工具中，环境型政策工具所占比例最高（55.66%，123/221），其次为供给型政策工具（35.75%，79/221），而需求型政策工具所占比例较低（8.60%，19/221）。结论在党和政府的正确领导下，我国母婴保健事业已取得长足发展。在政策工具应用方面仍有可改进之处，建议政府在未来优化母婴保健服务政策体系时，增加需求型政策工具运用比例，优化供给型和环境型政策工具的运用。

[关键词]母婴保健;卫生政策;政策工具;量化分析

[中图分类号] R-1;R-012  [文献标识码] A   [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）24-0006-05

Evolution and analysis of Chinese maternal and infant healthcare policy—a quantitative study based on the policy text

LI  Qianqian    WEI  Lili    WANG  Jingyuan    ZHANG  Yan    GU  Ruting    ZHANG  Xinwei

Nursing Department， the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University， Shandong， Qingdao 266003， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the related policy documents of maternal and infant healthcare services， and provide a reference for policy optimization. Methods Based on the content analysis method， the present situation of maternal and child health care policies in China was analyzed from various perspectives using supply-oriented， environmental-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools， and the scientific rationality and existing problems of policy tools collocation were probed into. Results Among 221 policy tools， environmental policy tools accounted for the highest proportion （55.66%， 123/221）， followed by supply policy tools （35.75%， 79/221）， while demand policy tools accounted for a relatively low proportion （8.60%， 19/221）. Conclusion Under the leadership of the Party and the government， great progress has been made in maternal and child healthcare in China. There is still room for improvement in the application of policy tools. It is suggested that the government should increase the proportion of demand-based policy tools and optimize the application of supply-based and environmental-based policy tools when optimizing the maternal and child healthcare service policy system in the future.

[Key words] Maternal and infant healthcare; Health policy; Policy tools; Quantitative analysis

母嬰健康是全民健康的基石，是衡量社会文明进步的标尺，是卫生改革与发展的重要目标，是经济可持续发展的重要保障，是人类可持续发展的基础和前提。母婴保健服务的主要对象是孕产妇和婴儿，服务对象处于人类一生中最特殊和最脆弱的时期，降低孕产妇与婴儿的死亡和伤残风险是母婴保健工作的重点[1]。提高母婴保健质量不仅是医疗机构技术层面的问题，更要将其纳入到国家策略层面，从国家层面予以政策和法律的支持[2]。新中国成立以来，党和政府高度重视母婴健康，并颁布了一系列相应的政策，我国母婴保健体系得到逐步完善，母婴事业取得了一定进展。……