自动化信任的测量方法及其差异分析
2021-09-17卢嘉楠
卢嘉楠
摘 要:在人机交互的研究中,特别是辅助决策甚至人机组队领域,对于人机信任的研究一直是一个重要的话题。人机信任通常会影响到自动化辅助或人机组队的任务绩效表现,而人机信任的水平也会受到机器特性、使用者特性及环境特性等因素的影响。为达到构建因素间关系,以及达成辅助决策与人机组队环境中更好地完成任务绩效,有必要对人机信任进行准确定量测量。本文在综合国内外研究的基础上,概述了当前常见的三类人机信任测量方法:自我报告测量、行为测量、生理与神经测量,并具体介绍了这些测量方法的设计过程及原理,对每一类测量方法的适用场景及优劣势做出了评价。
关键词:自动化信任 自我报告测量 行为测量 生理与神经测量 差异分析
中图分类号:TB97 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)05(c)-0248-06
The Measurements of Human-automation Trust and the Differences Analysis
LU Jianan
(Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China)
Abstract: In the research of human-computer interaction, especially in the field of assistant decision-making and even human-computer team formation, the research of human-computer trust has always been an important topic. Human-computer trust usually affects the task performance of automation assistance or human-computer team, and the level of human-computer trust will also be affected by machine characteristics, user characteristics and environmental characteristics. In order to construct the relationship between factors and achieve better task performance in assistant decision-making and man-machine team environment, it is necessary to measure man-machine trust accurately and quantitatively. Based on the comprehensive research at home and abroad, this paper summarizes three common human-computer trust measurement methods: self-report measurement, behavior measurement, physiological and neural measurement, introduces the design process and principle of these measurement methods, and evaluates the application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of each kind of measurement methods.
Key Words: Trust in automation;Self-report measurement; Behavioral measurement; Physiological and neurological measurement; Differences analysis
0 前言
随着科技的发展,自动化技术越来越普及,人与机器的交互成为了越来越重要的一个生活场景。例如,自动化飞行控制系统可以替代驾驶员进行决策,这在民用航空领域已经相当普遍,其优势是降低飞行员的工作负荷,飞行员可以更多地关注除常规飞行操作以外的其他事情,燃料得到了进一步节约,飞行可靠性得到保障,在一般情況下,飞行平稳,乘客的舒适度也得到了提升[1]。
但在自动化技术和人机编队的实际发展中,很多事故甚至灾难的发生,让人们再次意识到技术的发展,不都是有利无弊的。例如,航空界曾出现因飞行员相信自动化而没有进行手动飞机操控导致空客A320飞机坠毁的事件。……
