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9种植物源多酚的分离提取及其涩感评价

2021-09-17刘佩杜国荣赵鹏涛张倩婷王升楠王晓宇

江苏农业学报 2021年4期

刘佩 杜国荣 赵鹏涛 张倩婷 王升楠 王晓宇

摘要: 为探究不同植物源多酚物质的理化性质差异及其感官潜质,以9种不同植物材料为研究对象,经提取、分离和纯化后获得多酚提取物,并对其总酚含量、总黄烷醇含量、鞣花单宁含量、蛋白质结合能力、蛋白质沉降能力、涩感及颜色等指标进行分析。结果表明,在9种植物原料中,绿茶、红茶、石榴皮和木瓜皮中总酚物质含量较高,是酚类物质提取的优质原料。唾液蛋白沉降指数(SPI)试验结果表明,供试多酚提取物的蛋白质沉降能力与其总酚含量呈正相关关系。鞣花单宁通过影响蛋白质结合能力进而影响多酚提取物的涩感强度。

关键词: 多酚;鞣花单宁;涩感;蛋白质结合能力

中图分类号: TS255.1   文献标识码: A   文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)04-1025-08

Separation and extraction of nine plant polyphenols and evaluation of astringency

LIU Pei1, DU Guo-rong2, ZHAO Peng-tao1,3,4, ZHANG Qian-ting1, WANG Sheng-nan1, WANG Xiao-yu1,3,4

(1.College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China;2.School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xian University, Xian 710065, China;3.National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xian 710119, China;4.Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization of Western China Fruit Resources, Xian 710119, China)

Abstract: In order to explore the differences in physicochemical properties and organoleptic quality of polyphenols extracted from different plant sources, nine different plant materials were studied. After extraction, separation and purification, the polyphenol extracts were obtained, and its total phenol content, total flavanol content, ellagitannin content, protein binding capacity, protein sedimentation capacity, astringency and color were analyzed. The results showed that among the nine plant materials, green tea, black tea, pomegranate peel and papaya peel had high total phenol content, which were high-quality raw materials for polyphenols extraction. The results of salivary protein sedimentation index (SPI) test showed that the protein sedimentation capacity of the tested polyphenol extract was positively correlated with total phenol content. Ellagitannin affects the astringency intensity of polyphenol extracts by affecting the protein binding capacity.

Key words: polyphenols;ellagitannin;astringency;protein binding capacity

多酚是高等植物的次級代谢产物,其结构复杂,具有多种功效,能够调节免疫系统,预防高血糖和高血脂等慢性疾病[1-2]。植物中的酚类物质不仅具有保健作用,还可通过键合作用与蛋白质相互作用形成复合物,并影响茶、咖啡、葡萄酒、啤酒等饮料食品的风味和色泽[3-5]。如从五味子、橡木、绿茶及葡萄籽中提取的多酚化合物[6],可用于改善葡萄酒的涩感与颜色[7-8]。涩感是由多酚与唾液蛋白结合所形成干燥、粗糙、褶皱的味感,对食品独特口感的形成起到了不可替代的作用[9],多酚与蛋白质的相互作用也是近年来的研究热点[10]。

食品加工副产物中的酚类物质虽受到研究学者的关注,但主要集中于多酚物质的抗氧化功能,而对多酚物质的感官特性研究较少。……

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