鲍梦涵 曾慧子 赵鸣

收稿日期：2019-05-11

第一作者：鲍梦涵（1994- ），女，博士生，研究方向为风景园林规划与设计。E-mail：1040324892@qq.com

通信作者：赵鸣（1964- ），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为风景园林规划设计与理论、园林建筑历史与理论研究、园林建筑设计。E-mail：zhaoming@bjfu.edu.cn

摘要：“郊野地”是计成在《园冶》中提出的构园基址之一，具有交通便利、自然本底优越的特点。文章在前人研究基础上将意境营造分为立意言志、立象尽意、意境呈现3个阶段，并以清代杭州西溪梅竹山庄为例，对郊野地园林意境营造3个阶段的特点进行归纳总结，结果显示，“郊野地”园林在立意言志阶段表达了园主人在城市与山林间的“中隐”思想，在立象尽意阶段遵循少费人事之功的原则，在意境呈现阶段体现了园林景致突破边界、尊重自然、崇尚朴雅的特点。鉴此，当代郊野公园建设应在《园冶》“郊野地”造园理论的基础上进行选择性地继承与发展。

关键词：郊野地，意境营造，郊野公园，杭州西溪梅竹山庄

DOI： 10.12169/zgcsly.2019.05.11.0001

Modern Significance of Countryside Landscape Gardening Conception

in  the Craft of Gardens  Based on Meizhu Mountain Villa

Bao Menghan Zeng Huizi Zhao Ming

（School of Landscape Architecture， Beijing Forestry University， Beijing 100083， China）

Abstract：Countryside is one of base sites for gardening， which was put forward by Ji Cheng in his  Craft of Gardens . It boasts the advantages of convenient transportation and excellent natural attributes. The paper divides the artistic conception creation into 3 phases， i.e.， statement making for inspiration， image creation for expression and presentation of artistic conception， on the basis of previous research， and summarizes the features of the 3 phases with the Meizhu Mountain Villa as an example， which was built in Qing Dynasty at the side of Xixi， Hangzhou City. It is concluded that the countryside gardening expresses the seclusion thought embodied in cities and mountain forests at the statement making phase， follows the principle of minimum human efforts at the image creation phase， and manifests the features of gardening landscape at the artistic conception presentation phase， which stresses the boundary breaking， nature respecting and simpleness & elegance advocating. It is suggested that modern country parks should selectively inherit and develop the countryside landscaping theories of the  Craft of Gardening .

Keywords： countryside， artistic conception creation， country park， Xixi Meizhu villa in Hangzhou

意境是中國古典美学中的重要范畴[1]。意境的理论内涵最早可追溯至古代著名的“言意之辩”，并逐渐发展成为较完善的“言—象—意”的意境理论体系[2]。意境影响了中国传统园林的审美和创作方法。朱建宁[2]认为传统造园中的意境通过立意、意象、意境三者转化，并借助景象塑造可以激发游客的意象及意境;在具体创作过程中，杨云峰等[3]将意境营造方法归纳为主题预设、实景建置、意境深化3个步骤。

在前人研究的基础上，本文将园林意境营造分为立意言志、立象尽意、意境呈现3个阶段。……