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城市公园绿地夏季降温增湿效应

2021-09-15燕海南曹雅男

中国城市林业 2021年4期

燕海南 曹雅男

收稿日期:2020-01-06

第一作者:燕海南(1994- ),男,博士生,研究方向为生态城市与数字建筑。E-mail: 1032731827@qq.com

通讯作者:曹雅男(1991- ),女,硕士,研究方向为建筑与园林设计。E-mail:1073409551@qq.com

摘要:量化分析公园绿地的降温增湿效应有助于优化公园绿地的规划设计与管理。文章以苏州金鸡湖中央商务区的8个公园绿地为例,在对其空气温度与相对湿度进行实地观测的基础上,研究公园面积及形状、乔木覆盖率和水体面积占比等因素对公园绿地降温增湿效应的影响规律。结果表明:1)各公园绿地在测量时段(6∶00—18∶00)内的降温增湿效应表现为不同程度的波动情况,其中方洲公园表现出最大的降温增湿效应平均值,南施公园表现出最小的降温增湿效应平均值。2)公园绿地面积与降温效应呈现显著的正相关关系,水体面积占比与公园绿地的增湿效应呈现显著的正相关关系。因此,建议在保持绿地面积规模的同时适当增加水体面积占比对公园绿地夏季温湿环境具有一定的改善作用。

关键词:城市公园绿地,夏季,降温增湿,金鸡湖中央商务区,苏州

DOI: 10.12169/zgcsly.2020.01.06.0005

Cooling and Humidifying Effect of Urban Park Green Spaces in Summer

Yan Hainan1 Cao Yanan2

(1.School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nnajing 210093, China;

2.Planning and Natural Resources Bureau of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract:The quantitative analysis of the cooling and humidifying effect of park green spaces is helpful to optimize the planning, design and management of park green spaces. Taking the Jinji Lake Central Business District in Suzhou City as an example, this study makes the synchronous measurement of air temperature and relative humidity in the 8 park green spaces selected, so as to analyze the influence of park area, park shape, tree coverage and water body area ratio on the microclimate of park green spaces. The results show that: 1) The cooling and humidification effect of each park green space during the measurement period (6∶00-18∶00) presents a fluctuation of different degrees. Fangzhou Park has the maximum mean value of cooling and humidifying effect (△Tavg = 6.23 ℃, △Havg = 17.62%), while Nanshi Park has the minimum mean value (△Tavg = 2.48 ℃, △Havg = 9.71%). 2) There is a significantly positive correlation between the park green space area and the cooling effect ( R =0.746,  P <0.05), and there is a significantly positive correlation between the water body area ratio and the humidifying effect of the park green spaces ( R =0.592,  P <0.05). It is suggested to appropriately increase the proportion of water body area while maintaining the cover of green spaces, which can improve the microclimate of park green spaces in summer.

Keywords: urban park green space, summer, cooling and humidifying effect, Jinji Lake Central Business District, Suzhou City

當前,长三角地区正处于快速城市化的进程之中,城市生态系统逐渐变得脆弱 [1-2]。在夏季高温季节,城市热环境问题日益突出,备受众多学者关注[3-5]。以城市公园绿地为研究对象,当前的相关研究方法大致可分为3类:一是选取特定区域进行实地观测,包括固定位置观测和移动观测[6-7];二是利用卫星遥感技术在大尺度空间范围内进行研究,即将卫星遥感技术获取的地表温度数据与近地面空气温度数据相结合,能够准确反映公园绿地的热环境状况[8-9];三是利用软件模拟技术分析公园绿地热环境 [10]。……

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