苏兰茜 白亭玉 赵顺松 吴刚 谭乐和

摘  要：为探究不同氮钾配比影响盐胁迫下面包果生长的营养生理机制，以面包果[Artocarpus altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg]为材料，研究不同氮钾配比对盐胁迫下面包果养分吸收及渗透物质的影响。结果表明：与阴性对照（N0K0+W）相比，单盐胁迫（N0K0+S）对面包果生长指标有一定抑制作用，對根系生长指标有一定促进作用，其中N1K1+S处理的面包果地下部干重较单盐胁迫处理呈增加趋势，根系生长指标呈下降趋势。所有盐胁迫处理均显著增加根茎叶中的Na+含量和Na+/K+。与阳性对照（N0K0+S）相比，N1K1+S处理显著增加根茎叶中K+含量，减少叶中Na+含量和Na+/K+。N1K2+S处理较N1K1+S处理显著减少根茎中的Na+含量，N2K2+S处理较N2K1+S处理显著增加根中的N、P、K+、Na+含量和Na+/K+，茎中的N和K+含量以及叶片中的Na+含量、Na+/K+和叶片可溶性糖含量。N2K1+S处理较N1K1+S处理显著减少根、茎中K+含量，增加叶片N、Na+含量和Na+/K+，降低叶片可溶性糖含量，增加脯氨酸含量。N2K2+S处理较N1K2+S处理显著增加根、茎、叶中的Na+含量和Na+/K+。综上所述，适量增施氮钾肥通过调节K+、Na+向各器官的运输缓解盐胁迫对面包果生长及养分吸收的抑制效应，可为盐碱地的面包果施肥提供参考。

关键词：面包果;Artocarpus altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg;盐胁迫;养分吸收;渗透物质

Abstract： In order to explore the nutritional and physiological mechanism of nitrogen and potassium on the growth of breadfruit under salt stress， this experiment used breadfruit seedlings [Artocarpus altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg] as the test materials to compare the effects of different nitrogen and potassium application on the nutrient absorption and osmotic substances of breadfruit seedlings. Compared with the negative control （N0K0+W）， single salt stress （N0K0+S） had an inhibitory effect on breadfruit growth indices and a promotion effect on root growth indices. Among them， the root dry weight under N1K1+S treatment showed an increasing trend， and the root growth indices showed a decreasing trend compared with the single salt stress treatment. All salt stress treatments significantly increased the content of Na+ and Na+/K+ in roots， stems and leaves. Compared with the positive control （N0K0+S）， N1K1+S treatment significantly increased the content of K+ in roots， stems and leaves， and decreased the content of Na+ and Na+/K+ in leaves. Compared with N1K1+S， the treatment N1K2+S significantly reduced the content of Na+ in in roots and stems. N2K2+S treatment significantly increased the contents of N， P， K+， Na+ and Na+/K+ in roots， N and K+ in stems， and the contents of Na+， Na+/K+ and soluble sugar in leaves compared with N2K1+S treatment. N2K1+S treatment significantly decreased the content of K+ in roots and stems， increased the contents of N， Na+ and Na+/K+ in leaves， decreased the soluble sugar content in leaves， and increased proline content compared with N1K1+S treatment. N2K2+S treatment significantly increased the content of Na+ and Na+/K+ value in roots， stems and leaves compared with N1K2+S treatment. In summary， proper application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer could alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the growth and nutrient absorption of breadfruit by regulating the transport of K+ and Na+ to organs. The results could be used as a reference for fertilization of breadfruit in saline soil.

Keywords： breadfruit; Artocarpus altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg; salt stress; nutrient absorption; osmotica

土壤盐碱化是威胁作物产量和农业生产的全球化问题[1-2]。据联合国粮食及農业组织2012年的数据库估计，全球受盐碱化影响的土地超过8亿 hm2，目前盐碱化仍在扩大，对农业的可持续发展构成严重威胁[3]。我国滨海盐碱地面积较大，但苛刻的土壤条件严重限制了盐碱地的开发利用。例如，近年来西沙各岛发展迅速，驻岛官兵和渔民的粮食以及饮用水资源供应面临极大不便，又因岛上土地盐分高，淡水资源紧缺，发展岛礁农业面临巨大困难[4]。……