何嘉楠 彭杰椿 吴玉 邓英毅 潘介春 徐炯志 秦跳姣

摘  要：为研究龙眼新品种（系）在广西南宁市的果实发育和品质变化规律，以引进的‘福晚8号‘晚香‘宝石1号3个龙眼新品种（系）及广西主栽品种‘石硖和‘桂明1号为试验材料，定期观测果实发育过程中的纵横径、单果重、可食率、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可滴定酸、可溶性糖等的变化规律，试验结果表明：5个龙眼品种（系）在果实成熟期，‘晚香的单果重最大，其次是‘宝石1号‘福晚8号和‘桂明1号，‘石硖最小。果实成熟期‘福晚8号的可食率最大，其次是‘晚香和‘宝石1号，均高于‘桂明1号和‘石硖。果实成熟期和TSS达到最大值的时间以‘石硖最早，‘宝石1号次之，然后是‘桂明1号‘福晚8号和‘晚香的成熟期最迟。退糖速度以‘桂明1号最慢，其次是‘福晚8号‘晚香和‘石硖，‘宝石1号退糖速度最快。‘福晚8号和‘桂明1号的维生素C含量在达到最大值时高于其他品种，其次是‘晚香和‘宝石1号，‘石硖的较低。可滴定酸含量在果实发育前期以‘桂明1号和‘福晚8号的较高，其次是‘宝石1号，‘石硖和‘晚香较低，果实发育后期以‘桂明1号‘晚香‘宝石1号和‘福晚8号较高，‘石硖的最低。引进的‘福晚8号和‘晚香表现为晚熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好，‘宝石1号表现为早中熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好，可以作为广西良好的中晚熟品种（系）引种材料，具有较好的推廣应用价值，可丰富广西的龙眼品种结构。

关键词：龙眼;新品种（系）;果实发育;品质;比较

Abstract： In order to study the fruit development and quality changes of new longan varieties （lines） in Nanning， Guangxi， three new longan varieties （lines）， ‘Fuwan No.8， ‘Wanxiang and ‘Baoshi No.1， which were introduced from the Fruit Research Institute， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and the main cultivars in Guangxi， ‘Shixia and ‘Guiming No.1， were used as the experimental materials. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and demonstration of new longan varieties and the formulation of corresponding cultivation and management techniques， the variation rules of single fruit weight， edible rate， fruit shape index， soluble solids， vitamin C， soluble protein， titratable acid and soluble sugar were provided. The single fruit weight of ‘Wanxiang was the largest， followed by that of ‘Baoshi No.1， ‘Fuwan No.8 and ‘Guiming No.1， and that of ‘Shixia was the smallest. The edible rate of ‘Fuwan No.8 was the highest， followed by that of ‘Wanxiang and ‘Baoshi No.1， which was higher than that of ‘Guiming No.1 and ‘Shixia. The ripening time of ‘Shixia was the earliest， followed by that of ‘Baoshi No.1， ‘Guiming No.1， ‘Fuwan No.8 and ‘Wanxiang. ‘Guiming No.1 was the slowest in soluble sugar content reduction， followed by ‘Fuwan No.8， ‘Wanxiang and ‘Shixia， and ‘Baoshi No.1 was the fastest in soluble sugar content reduction. The vitamin C content of ‘Fuwan No.8 and ‘Guiming No. 1 was higher than that of the other varieties at the maximum value， followed by that of ‘Wanxiang and ‘Baoshi No.1， and that of ‘Shixia was lower. The titratable acid content of ‘Guiming No.1 and ‘Fuwan No.8 was higher in the early stage of fruit development， followed by that of ‘Baoshi No.1， ‘Shixia and' ‘Wanxiang. At the later stage of fruit development， the content of titratable acid in ‘Guiming No.1， ‘Wanxiang， ‘Baoshi No.1 and ‘Fuwan No.8 was higher， and that of ‘Shixia was the lowest. ‘Fuwan No.8 and ‘Wanxiang were late maturing， big and fleshy， and good fruit quality， while ‘Baoshi No.1 showed early and middle maturity， big fruit and thick flesh， and good fruit quality. They could be used as good introduction materials for medium and late maturing varieties （lines） in Guangxi， which had good popularization and application value in Guangxi， and could enrich the variety structure of longan in Guangxi.

Keywords： longan; new varieties （lines）; fruit development; quality; comparison

龙眼（Dimocarpus logan Lour）属于无患子科龙眼属[1]，又名桂圆、益智、龙目等，在中国、泰国、越南、老挝、马来西亚、菲律宾、马达加斯加等国家均有分布，是典型的亚热带常绿果树[2]。……