王清芸 侯天泽 徐诗涛 余文刚 邢孔惠 王健

摘  要：花粉和柱头特性的研究是兰花杂交育种的重要基础。本研究以多花指甲兰（Aerides rosea）为实验材料，利用扫描电子显微镜观察多花指甲不同开花时期的花粉微观形态用TTC（氯化三苯基四氮唑）、I2-KI和醋酸洋红染液并结合花粉离体培养检测不同开花时期的花粉活力，利用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头的可授性。结果表明， 多花指甲兰花粉随着开花时间的延长，花粉表面颜色变深，质地更硬，花粉粒结合更加紧密，花粉团体积变小，表面变得更加平滑致密。 多花指甲兰花蕾期花粉染色为粉红色，盛花期的花粉染色最明显，染色率最高，而衰败期的花粉几乎无法被染色，在整个开花过程中，花粉活力呈先上升后下降的趋势。柱头可授性的结果显示，盛花期柱头气泡最多最迅速，可授性最强。该研究结果为多花指甲兰的引种栽培、迁地保护提供理论基础，在花卉资源利用和产业发展上具有重要指导意义。

关键词：多花指甲兰（Aerides rosea ）;花粉形态;花粉活力;柱头可授性

Abstract： The study on the characteri stics of pollen and stigma is an important basis for orchid cross breeding. In this study， Aerides rosea was used as the experimental materi al to observe the micro-morphol ogy of pollen at different flowering stages by scanning electron microscope. The pollen viabil ity at different flowering stages was detected by TTC （triphenyltetrazolium chloride）， I2-KI and magenta acetate staining solution combined with pollen culture in vitro， and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method was used to determine the receptivity of stigma. The resul ts showed that with the extension of flowering time， the surface col or of A. rosea pollen became darker， the texture became harder， the pollen grains combined more closely， the pollen mass became smaller， and the surface became smoother and denser. A.s rosea pollen staining was pink in the bud stage， the pollen staining in the full flowering stage was the most obvious， and the staining rate was the highest， while the pollen in the decline stage could hardly be stained. In the whole flowering process， the pollen viabili ty increased at first and then decreased. The resul ts of stigma receptivity showed that the stigma bubbles were the most rapid and the receptivity was the strongest at flowering stage. The results of  this study would provide a theoretical basis for the introduction， cultivation and ex-situ protecti on of A. rosea， and have important guiding signi ficance in the util ization of flower resources and industrial development.

Keywords： Aerides rosea; pollen morphology; pollen vitality; stigma receptivity

多花指甲兰（Aerides rosea）为兰科（Orchidaceae）指甲兰属附生草本植物，花型奇特，状似“狐尾”，花序密集，花大部白色，稍有紫色点缀其间，观赏价值高[1]。更重要的是，多花指甲兰极具芳香，独特的芳香性状也是多花指甲蘭的重要价值之一。其含有醛类、芳香族类、酯类、酮类以及萜类化合物等多种挥发性物质，可广泛应用于化妆品、美容等行业[2]，近年，一家日本公司公布了其香水专利，构成其产品成分的一种主要香味物质便来自于此[3]。……