FZ 308-D不锈钢单层电渣堆焊层的成分、组织与性能
2021-09-13柳云天危兆胜丁铁军
柳云天 危兆胜 丁铁军



摘要: 针对压力容器的制造需求,采用单层电渣堆焊工艺在合金钢筒体内壁堆焊不锈钢材料,检测分析了堆焊层的化学成分、铁素体数(FN)、微观组织与木使用性能。结果表明,使用GDS-309LA不锈钢焊带和GXS-ED308L 焊剂进行单层电渣堆焊,在SA-336F11C13铬钼钢基材上制备了FZ 308-D耐蚀堆焊金属,与基材熔合良好无缺陷,厚度约为4 mm,铁素体数平均值为3.7。堆焊层上部约3 mm厚度金属的Cr,Ni等元素含量均符合标准要求。堆焊层为枝晶状微观组织,由奥氏体和少量δ铁素体组成,底部有一薄层柱状晶“过渡带”。弯曲和晶间腐蚀试验表明,堆焊试样满足使用要求。
关键词: 单层电渣堆焊; 不锈钢; 铁素体数; 使用性能
中图分类号: TG 455
Composition, microstructure and performance of FZ 308-D stainless steel single-layer electro-slag deposit
Liu Yuntian1, Wei Zhaosheng1,2, Ding Tiejun1
(1. Harbin Boiler Company Limited, Harbin 150046, Heilongjiang, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Coal-fired Utility Boilers, Harbin 150046, Heilongjiang, China)
Abstract: Aimed at fabrication requirement of pressure vessel, stainless steel deposit with single-layer electro slag process was adapted to alloy steel vessel. Chemistry composition, ferrite number (FN), microstructure and performance were tested and analyzed. Test was conducted with GDS-309LA stainless steel strip matched GXS-ED308L flux to prepare FZ 308-D corrosion resistant deposit on SA-336F11Cl3. The result showed that base metal perfectly matched deposit with thickness about 4 mm, average FN was 3.7.3 mm range was closed to the surface, which had Cr and Ni content in accordance with standard. Deposit showed branch grain merged with austenite and several δ ferrite. Bottom part of deposit had “transition layer” with column grain. Bending test and inter-granular test indicated the deposit satisfied use requirements.
Key words: single-layer deposit; stainless steel; ferrite number; performance
0 前言
堆焊是焊接领域中的重要分支,目前已成为一项关键技术,大量应用于石油化工、冶金、交通运输等领域[1]。视服役工况及设计需求的不同,堆焊材料包含铁基、镍基、钴基和铜基等[2],常用的堆焊方法包括焊条电弧堆焊、埋弧堆焊、电渣堆焊、等离子弧堆焊、气体保护电弧堆焊等。
在部分气化炉、变换炉、甲醇反应器等石化行业的压力容器,以及核电站反应堆压力容器中,由于容器内壁对腐蚀速率有严格的要求[3]。因此,需在合金钢筒体内壁堆焊耐腐蚀的低碳不锈钢材料。常用的堆焊方式是在合金钢筒体基材内壁表面依次堆焊过渡层及不锈钢耐蚀层[4-5],过渡层金属可以起到连接基材与耐蚀层的作用,利于避免堆焊缺陷并使二者结合良好,耐蚀层用于抗工作介质腐蚀,保证压力容器的耐蚀性。……
