烟草叶蛋白提取技术研究进展
2021-09-13李猛政李荣华夏岩石郭培国
李猛政 李荣华 夏岩石 郭培国

摘 要:烟草除了可以作为卷烟原料外,其叶蛋白也是世界上最丰富的蛋白质资源之一。烟叶中的蛋白质分为可溶性蛋白质和不溶性蛋白质,其中约一半的可溶性蛋白是FI蛋白(Fraction I protein),另一半是FII蛋白(Fraction II protein)。随着科学的发展,许多新技术已应用于蛋白质分离,如双水相萃取法、超滤法、层析法、电泳法等。本文根据国内外相关研究资料,对目前分离烟草叶蛋白常用的几种提取技术及进展进行了综述和讨论,并展望了其应用前景。
关键词:烟草;叶蛋白;提取技术;研究进展
Abstract: Tobacco is the raw material of cigarettes in general, but its leaf is one of the most abundant protein resources in the world. The proteins in tobacco leaves can be divided into water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins. Half of the soluble proteins are FI proteins (Fraction I proteins), and the other half are FII proteins (Fraction II proteins). With the development of technology, many new technologies have been applied to protein separation, such as aqueous two-phase extraction, ultrafiltration, chromatography, and electrophoresis. According to the relevant research literatures at home and abroad, several commonly used extraction techniques and the latest progress for separating tobacco leaf proteins were reviewed and discussed in this article, and their application prospects were described.
Keywords: tobacco; leaf protein; extraction technology; research progress
我国是烟草最主要的生产国和消费国之一,每年烟草的种植面积可达100万hm2,生产烟叶约175万t[1]。蛋白质是烟草众多生物活性成分中含量最为丰富的一种,其在白肋烟中的含量高达20.48%[2]。随着对蛋白质研究的不断深入,人们逐渐认识到植物叶蛋白,尤其是烟草叶片中的蛋白质[3],是世界天然产物中最重要且丰富的蛋白质资源。
从营养、医疗和食品角度来评价,烟草叶蛋白属于优质蛋白[4]。烟草叶蛋白的氨基酸组成和含量相当丰富、均衡,所含的必需氨基酸与鸡蛋、牛奶相接近,用它可以代替牛奶,可为因乳糖不耐受而不宜饮用牛奶的人提供另一种高营养食品蛋白源[5]。烟草叶蛋白中富含硒,以硒蛋氨酸和硒半胱氨酸或其他形式存在[6],在清除自由基、防护红细胞溶血、化学性肝损伤保护等方面都优于不含硒的蛋白质[7]。烟草叶蛋白经酶水解提取出的活性十三肽,具有抗菌活性和蛋白酶抑制活性[8-9],且穩定性较高,是制备抗菌肽和降压肽的重要潜在资源。……
