赵钧 李琦 王雪芬 徐敏 何雷 苗圃 刘东升 李成军 吴孔明 李淑君

摘 要：為明确X射线辐射不育烟青虫雄虫在田间应用的释放比例，通过交配竞争试验和性信息素诱集测定了不同释放比例对其子代卵孵化率、被害株率及田间成虫量的影响，并获得了相关防治效果。结果表明，蛹期接受不育剂量辐照对烟青虫雄蛹羽化率无显著影响，但显著缩短其成虫寿命;辐射不育烟青虫雄虫不同释放比例对雌虫交配率和平均产卵量均无显著影响，但卵孵化率随着释放比例的增加而降低;在田间罩笼试验中，其平均防治效果随着释放比例的增加而增加，在8∶1时可以达到91.11%;同时，在田间烟青虫成虫羽化初期按照8∶1的释放比例间隔1周连续释放3次可以显著减少田间子代雄成虫量，田间小区防治效果最高可以达到64.86%。本研究确定的8∶1的释放比例可以应用于田间烟青虫的防控。

关键词：烟青虫;昆虫不育技术;释放比例;卵孵化率;防治效果

Abstract： In order to determine the releasing proportion and field control efficacy of Sterile Insect Technique （SIT） against Heliothis assulta， a mating competition experiment of sterile H. assulta was conducted， and the density of male offspring in the field was monitored by using sex pheromone trap and the control efficacy was investigated. The main results were as follows： Firstly， when X-ray irradiation at 144 Gy was applied to treat pupae of H. assulta， there was no significant difference on the eclosion rate between treated and normal male pupae， but the adult longevity decreased significantly. Secondly， the releasing sterile male adults of H. assulta at different rates had no significant influence on the mating rate and fecundity of normal females， but the egg hatching rate decreased with the increase in releasing proportion of irradiated H. assulta according to the mating competition trials. Thirdly， the releasing proportion at 8：1 of H. assulta （traeted：normal） resulted in high average control efficacy （91.11%） in the field cage experiment， which was more efficient than the conventional control method. Fourthly， the releasing proportion at 8：1 could significantly reduce the number of male adult in the field， and the control efficacy was 64.86%. In this study， the releasing proportion at 8：1 was the optimal proportion for induced fertility of H. assulta， which had significant effects on control of adult. The present study strongly supports the conclusion that irradiated sterile males could be released in the environment to reduce H. assulta populations in targeted areas. The X-ray irradiation dose of 144 Gy seems promising as it sterilizes pupae without reducing their emergence and fecundity of normal females. The releasing proportion of 8：1 could be applied in H. assulta prevention and control in the field. SIT， as an effective and environment-friendly control tactic， can be applied as part of area-wide integrated pest-management （AWIPM） program in the control of H. assulta.

Keywords： Heliothis assulta; sterile insect technique; releasing proportion; egg hatching rate; control efficacy

烟青虫（Heliothis assulta Guenée）属鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）夜蛾科（Noctuidae），又称烟夜蛾，为多食性害虫，主要寄主为烟草、辣椒、番茄、南瓜、甘蓝等。其广泛分布于全国各地，尤以黄淮、西南和华中烟区发生为害较重，主要以幼虫摄食嫩叶和花果[1-2]。近年来，在田间生产中控制烟青虫发生和为害仍以化学防治为主要防治手段[3]。化学农药的使用虽然在一定程度上控制了烟青虫的发生，减少了相应的损失，但随着用药量和用药次数的日益提高，使得烟青虫的抗药性增强，导致其防治效果不佳。……