向小华 刘国祥 张兴伟 夏长剑 李媛 陈荣平 杨菁 赵文涛 吴达 李方友 吕洪坤

摘 要：为准确评价雪茄烟种质资源的遗传多样性，利用SSR引物对92份可用作雪茄烟原料的种质进行分析，共检测到234个等位基因，平均为5.441 9，每个位点的多态性信息量变化范围为0.099 5～0.846 9，平均值为0.608 2;Neis多样性指数平均为0.654 6，Shannon信息指数平均达1.303 5。UPGMA聚类分析在遗传距离0.35处可将供试种质分为4个类群，PCA主成分分析将供试材料划分为4个类群，Structure群体遗传结构分析将供试材料划分为5个类群;不同分析方法划分的类群虽然有所差异，但分析结果均与地理来源有一定的相关性。从中筛选出15对核心引物构建了供试种质的指纹图谱，为建立雪茄烟种质资源鉴定体系奠定理论基础。本研究可为雪茄烟鉴定评价、遗传背景研究和种质创新应用等提供科学依据。

关键词：雪茄烟;种质资源;SSR标记;遗传多样性;指纹图谱

Abstract： In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of cigar germplasm resources accurately， 92 cigars were analyzed with SSR primers. A total of 234 alleles were amplified and the average number was 5.441 9. The polymorphic information content of each locus varied from 0.099 5 to 0.846 9 with an average of 0.608 2. The average diversity index of Nei was 0.654 6， and the average of Shannon information index was 1.303 5. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means cluster analysis showed that the tested cigar resources can be divided into 4 groups at the genetic distance of 0.35. The test materials were divided into 4 groups by principal component analysis and 5 groups by structure population genetic structure analysis. Although there were some differences in the groups divided by different analysis， the results were all related to the geographical origin. 15 core-primers were screened to construct the fingerprint database of the tested germplasms， which laid a theoretical foundation for the establishment on the identification system of cigar germplasm resources. This study provided scientific reference for cigar identification and evaluation， genetic background research， germplasm innovation and application.

Keywords： cigars; germplasm resources; SSR marker; genetic diversity; fingerprinting

雪茄是一种特殊的烟制品，传统概念是全部用烟叶卷成的吸用烟卷，具有雪茄香型且香气浓郁，劲头大，烟气呈碱性，焦油与烟碱比值小[1-2]。烟叶是雪茄的核心，其质量和组成配方决定了雪茄的风格特色。生产优质雪茄烟叶需要适宜的气候、土壤、地形条件以及丰富的种植经验，世界上公认的种植雪茄煙叶最好的国家有古巴、多米尼加、印度尼西亚、美国、洪都拉斯等[3]。受环境、品种、栽培措施等因素的影响，我国雪茄生产仍然以进口烟叶作为主要原料，在很大程度上制约了中国雪茄产业的发展[4]。……