周璟 杨博 曾洁 叶晶

[摘要]目的探討预防学龄儿童近视发生发展中知信行干预模式的应用效果。方法于2020年3月随机抽取辖区内3所小学，随机抽取每所学校三年级的学生50名、家长50名、教师10名进行用眼知识调查。小学生当场答卷，家长调查问卷由学生带回家中，家长独立完成。教师由被调查学校的代课老师答卷。调查问卷内容包括用眼卫生知识、态度和行为3个维度。将纳入研究的学生、家长和教师分层随机分组，观察组和对照组分别纳入学生75名，家长75名，教师15名。对照组不进行特殊处理，观察组进行知信行干预。1年干预结束后，再次进行问卷调查。对比分析不同时段、不同分组的调查结果，包括用眼卫生知识、态度和行为3个维度，以及近视率和视力维持良好率。结果纳入研究时，两组研究对象对用眼卫生相关知识、态度和行为比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），而两组研究对象中学生的近视率比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），具有可比性。随访1年结束后，接受知信行干预的观察组研究对象，其眼卫生相关知识、态度和行为评分均高于对照组（ P <0.05），其学生近视率低于对照组（ P <0.05）。观察组学生视力维持良好率为96.00%，高于对照组学生视力维持良好率82.67%（ P <0.05）。结论将知信行模式应用于学龄儿童、家长和教师，能够有效强化实施对象对相关知识的掌握和认知程度，增强学生、家庭和学校在预防近视工作中的配合，有利于降低学龄儿童近视率，对维持甚至提升视力具有积极效果，具有一定的临床价值，值得推广应用。

[关键词]知信行干预;学龄儿童;近视;眼卫生

[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A  [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）22-0192-04

Application effect of knowledge-attitude-behavior intervention model to prevent occurrence and development of myopia in school-age children

ZHOU  Jing   YANG  Bo   ZENG  Jie   YE  Jing

1. Department of Child Health Care， Boai Hospital of Zhongshan， Guangdong， Zhongshan 528403， China;2. Intensive Care Unit， Boai Hospital of Zhongshan， Guangdong， Zhongshan 528403， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the application effect of knowledge-attitude-behavior intervention model to prevent occurrence and development of myopia in school-age children. Methods In March 2020， 3 primary schools within the jurisdiction were randomly selected.50 students， 50 parents and 10 teachers were randomly selected from third grade of each school to investigate the knowledge of using eyes. The primary school students answered the questionnaire on the spot. The students took the questionnaire home， and their parents completed it independently. The substitute teacher at school answered the questionnaire under investigation. The questionnaire includes 3 dimensions， which were knowledge， attitude， and behavior of eye hygiene. The students， parents and teachers included in the research were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group， with 75 students， 75 parents and 15 teachers respectively. The control group was given no special treatment， while the observation group was given knowledge-attitude-behavior intervention. After 1 year intervention， the questionnaire survey was conducted again. The questionnaire results of different periods and groups were compared and analyzed， including 3 dimensions of eye hygiene knowledge， attitude， and behavior， as well as the rate of myopia and the rate of good visual acuity maintenance. Results When they were included in the research， there were no statistically significant differences in knowledge， attitude， and behavior about eye hygiene between the two groups （P >0.05）， and there was no statistically significant difference in myopia rate between the two groups of students （P >0.05）， but it was comparable. After 1 year's follow-up， the scores of knowledge， attitude and behavior related to eye hygiene in the observation group werehigher than those in the control group （P <0.05）， and the myopia rate of students was lower than that in the control group （P <0.05）. The good visual acuity maintenance rate of students in the observation group was 96.00%， higher than 82.67% in the control group （P <0.05）. Conclusion The application of knowledge-attitude-behavior model to school-age children， parents and teachers can effectively strengthen the mastery and cognition of relevant knowledge， strengthen the cooperation of students， families， and schools in myopia prevention， help to reduce the myopia rate of school-age children， have positive effects on maintaining or even improving visual acuity， and have certain clinical value， which is worthy of promotion and application.

[Key words] Knowledge-attitude-behavior intervention; School-age children; Myopia; Eye hygiene

由市妇儿工委，市妇联、市卫健局、市教体局联合开展中山市政府十大民生实事“爱眼护齿”健康公益行动于2019年4—11月开展，组织市博爱医院眼科保健医疗服务队为两万名6岁儿童免费开展视力筛查，共发现视力异常儿童数为3217例，视力筛查异常率为15.69%，结果不容乐观[1]。知信行模……