基于混合启发式算法的货物空运装配策略
2021-09-13张游天金辰禹刘汉威吴珊
张游天 金辰禹 刘汉威 吴珊



[摘要]根据三维装箱问题的特点,考虑货物存在不同的摆放方式、集装箱剩余空间最大利用率等多项影响因素建立了货物空运装配多目标约束模型,采用以遗传算法和模拟退火算法为主的混合启发式算法运行求解,快速制定出货物的装载布局方案,有效解决了在多约束下的货物空运装配策略问题。
[关键词]三维装箱问题;模拟退火算法;遗传算法;货物装运;空运;装配策略
[中图分类号]F560.8[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1005-152X(2021)12-0070-08
Air Cargo Loading Strategy Based on Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm
ZHANG Youtian1,JIN Chenyu1,LIU Hanwei2,WU Shan3
(1. School of Economics & Management,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028;
2. School of Mathematics & Computer Application Technology,Jining University,Jining 273199;
3. School of Transportation & Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract:In this paper,according to the characteristics of the three-dimensional packing problem,and considering the various factors such as placement of goods,and the maximum utilization of the remaining space of the container,etc.,we established a multi- objective constraint model of air cargo loading,used a hybrid heuristic algorithm mainly consisting of the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm to solve it,and for the purpose to quicken cargo loading layout planning,effectively dealt with the problem of air cargo loading strategy under multiple constraints.
Keywords:three- dimensional packing problem;simulated annealing algorithm;genetic algorithm;cargo loading and shipment;air transportation;loading strategy
0引言
随着全球贸易自由化与物流业的快速发展,航空货运进入了蓬勃发展阶段。航空货运相对于集装箱运输的成本竞争力和可靠性有所提高,空运相对于海运的平均价格已大幅度下降。国际航空运输协会(IATA)日前发布的全球航空货运定期报告预测显示,货运强劲的表现将会持续。为满足不断增长的航空货运需求,实现高质量的集装箱装载是目前急需解决的问题。研究货物的装载优化问题,对提高空间效率、节约运费、规范作业等有着积极的现实意义。
货物空运装运策略问题属于三维装箱问题(Three Dimensional Container Loading Problem,3D- CLP),应用面广,专业性较强,同時也属于NP-hard问题[1]。根据提供的数据和要求不同,三维装箱问题可以分成箱柜装载问题、背包装载问题以及容器装载问题。而一般在运输过程中存在不同规格箱柜装载问题、柔性集装箱问题以及装运最佳利润问题等,所以三种问题均有涉及,模型程序较为繁琐,且不同种类的货物量较大,因此在有限的时间范畴内可以获得问题的最优近似解而难以获得精确解。……
