邸彦彰 王书林

[摘要]在“碳交易”机制背景下，为了提高家电企业在以旧换新活动中的利润，研究了一种需求拉动型的逆向物流回收站选址与路径优化模型。利用问卷调查了活动中消费者的消费行为偏好，依据此偏好构造了家电产品的需求函数;研究了此逆向物流系统中家电企业碳排放的度量问题，构造了碳交易机制下企业利润最大化的目标函数。最后发现在以旧换新模式中，企业存在最大利润的折扣额，因此企业需科学决策，寻找最优的折扣额;发现了企业的利润会跟随企业碳配额的增加而增加，碳交易额也随着企业碳配额的增加而增加，因此企业应努力扩大公司的碳配额，同时优化网络减少碳排放，卖出更多的碳排放权，增加企业利润。

[关键词]碳交易;以旧换新;逆向物流;网络优化;家电企业

[中图分类号]F252.19[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1005-152X（2021）12-0050-09

Reverse Logistics Network Optimization of Household Appliance Enterprises under Old-for-new Sales Considering Carbon Trading Mechanism

DI Yanzhang，WANG Shulin

（Faculty of Maritime & Transportation，Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211，China）

Abstract：In the context of carbon trading mechanism，in order to improve the profit of household appliance enterprises in the old-for- new sales，we studied the site selection and route optimization model for demand- pull reverse logistics recycling station. Then，we investigated the consumer behavioral preference in the process with questionnaire surveying. On such basis，we constructed the demand function of household appliances，studied the carbon emission measurement of household appliance enterprises in the reverse logistics system，and built the objective function to maximize the profit of enterprises under the carbon trading mechanism. Finally，we found that in the old-for-new sales mode，enterprises could maximize their profit by offering discount，so they needed to make scientific decisions to find that discount;both the profit and the carbon trading allowances of the enterprises would increase with their carbon quota，so the enterprises should strive to expand their carbon quota，and optimize their supply chain network to reduce carbon emissions for more carbon emission rights so as to increase enterprise profit.

Keywords：carbon trading;old-for-new;reverse logistics;network optimization;household appliance enterprise

0引言

2020年国家发展改革委、商务部等七部门联合印发了《关于完善废旧家电回收处理体系推动家电更新消费的实施方案》，提出鼓励家电生产、销售企业及电商平台等，开展覆盖城乡的家电“以旧换新”等更新消费活动[1]。家电的以旧换新是指消费者在购买家电时，如果能把旧家电产品交给厂家，就能折扣一定的价款，旧商品起着折价券的作用。随着人们物质生活的提高，此次以旧换新活动不同于由国家主导的，目的是促进家电的普及性消费的“以旧换新1.0”，新消费时代的“以旧换新2.0”则应由市场需求主导，辅以国家引导、地方支持与企业自觉，目的是促进消费升级。……