杨嘉辉 郭博凯 唐智生 蒋亚兰 杨婷婷 庾旭明 梁勤 刘丽园

[摘要]人的五味酸甜苦辣咸，感知味觉是每一个健康人都拥有的功能，味觉是亲密的知觉。感知觉是人类最初级的心理过程，其他一切心理活动都是在感觉获得的基础上产生。感觉按照刺激的来源可分为三大类，其中味觉感官接受外部的刺激，直接反映外界事物特性的外部感觉。给予咽部味觉刺激，可促使咽部在皮质相应面积增加。一些脑卒中患者长期留置鼻饲管，这类患者往往缺乏来自经口味觉刺激。由于味觉的相应缺失，患者可能产生较严重的脑功能障碍。本文针对味觉感应、传递、产生及味觉在大脑认知功能的定位进行综述。

[关键词]味觉传导;脑功能;综述;定位;口腔刺激

[中图分类号] R33 [文献标识码] A  [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）22-0039-04

Progress of clinical research on the localization of taste generation in the human brain

YANG  Jiahui   GUO  Bokai   TANG  Zhisheng   JIANG  Yalan   YANG  TingtingYU  Xuming   LIANG  Qin   LIU  Liyuan

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine， Guilin People's Hospital， Guangxi， Guilin 541002， China

[Abstract] Every healthy person is endowed with the function of sensing the sour， sweet， bitter， hot， and salty flavor. The sense of taste is an intimate perception. Sensory perception is the most primary psychological process of human beings， and all the other psychological activities are produced on the basis of what is obtained by it. According to the sources of sensory stimuli， it can be divided into three categories， among which the taste senses receive external stimuli and directly reflect the external senses of the characteristics of external objects. Taste stimulation of pharynx can increase the corresponding area of pharynx in the cortex. Some stroke patients have long-term indwelling nasal feeding tube. These patients often lack stimulation from the taste sense of the oral cavity. The corresponding lack of the sense of taste may result in severe brain dysfunction of the patients. This paper makes an overview of taste sensing， transmission， and generation， as well as the localization of the sense of taste in brain cognitive function.      [Key words] Taste conduction; Brain function; Overview; Localization; Oral stimulation

在酸、甜、辣等各種物质刺激后，口腔内味觉感受器接收信号并向中枢神经传输，反馈到口腔中形成一种味道，即味觉[1-2]。味觉的产生需要与认知对象最亲密的接触，需要对象进入口中，并在向下进入人消化器官的时候，通过口腔和咽喉传达所体验到的感觉[3-4]。最基本的味觉有甜、酸、苦、辣、咸五种，平常尝到的各种味道都是这五种味觉混合的结果。味觉的适宜刺激是能溶解的、有味道的物质。在早期临床研究中，舌背味蕾是最先被发现的味觉受体[5-6]，当 G 蛋白偶联受体表达，人体就会感觉到不同味道，如咸味、苦味等。G 蛋白偶联受体是一种跨膜蛋白，在味蕾Ⅱ型细胞中表达出来。……