摘 要： 為了研究青蒿不同种类的内生菌抑制细菌和抑制真菌的活性，该研究采用组织块法和研磨法从青蒿的根、茎、叶中分离内生细菌、放线菌和真菌，以大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）（CICC 23657）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）（CICC 10275）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）（CICC 10384）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）（CICC 2487）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（CICC 33032）为指示菌，采用琼脂块法和双层平板法检测内生菌的抑菌活性。结果表明：（1）从青蒿植株中共分离到76株内生菌，其中内生细菌19株、内生放线菌34株、内生真菌23株。从分离部位来看，56株来自于茎段、17株来自于根段、3株来自叶片。（2）内生细菌中抑菌活性菌株占总菌株的比例最高，为95%，内生放线菌和内生真菌中抑菌活性菌株的比例分别为41%、35%。（3）内生细菌的抗菌谱较广;虽然内生放线菌的抗菌谱较窄，但其中高抗菌株较多，尤其对酿酒酵母的抑菌效果好。综上结果显示，药用植物青蒿中存在着丰富的有抑菌活性的内生菌，且不同种类的内生菌抑菌活性不同。

关键词： 青蒿， 内生细菌， 内生放线菌， 内生真菌， 抑菌活性

中图分类号： Q939  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-3142（2021）07-1112-08

Abstract： In order to study the antimicrobial activity of different species of endophytes from Artemisia annua against bacteria and fungi， and provide the basis for the production of natural antimicrobial substances by endophytes. Endophytes were isolated from the roots， stems and leaves of A. annua by tissue isolation and grinding methods. With five representative microorganisms， Escherichia coli CICC 23657， Bacillus subtilis CICC 10275， Staphylococcus aureus CICC 10384， Aspergillus niger CICC 2487 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC 33032 were used as indicating microorganisms， the antimicrobial activity of endophytes were detected by agar block method and double layer agar plate method. The results were as follows： （1） A total of 76 strains of endophytes were isolated from A. annua， including 19 strains of endophytic bacteria， 34 strains of endophytic actinomycetes and 23 strains of endophytic fungi. According to the plant parts of endophytes isolated， 56 strains were isolated from the stems， 17 from the roots and 3 from the leaves. （2）Among the endophytic species， 95% of the bacteria， 41% of the actinomycetes and 35% of the fungi showed antimicrobial activity， respectively. （3）The antimicrobial spectrum of endophytic bacteria was broad， while antimicrobial spectrum of endophytic actinomycetes was narrow， but there were many strains of endophytic actinomycetes with high antimicrobial activity， especially some strains of endophytic actinomycetes had strong antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be seen that there are abundant endophytes with antimicrobial activity in A. annua， and different species of endophytes from A. annua showed different antimicrobial activity.

Key words： Artemisia annus， endophytic bacteria， endophytic actinomycetes， endophytic fungi， antimicrobial activity

植物内生菌是一类重要的微生物资源，从20世纪90年代起逐渐成为微生物学家们关注的热点（赫荣乔，2009;Wang & Dai， 2011;Sheng et al.， 2011）。近年来，越来越多的研究证明内生菌可产生与宿主植物相同或相似的次级代谢产物，因此，从植物内生菌中获得各种新资源是很有可能的（陈向东，2012）。药用植物青蒿中最有价值的化学成分是青蒿素。青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾最有效的药物，我国科学家屠呦呦因为发现青蒿素而获得了2015年度的诺贝尔奖（张铁军等，2016），而且这一成果正在申请新药——可用于治疗红斑狼疮。……