夏科 赵志国 吴巧芬 蒋庆鸿 仇硕

摘 要： 为了解几种石斛属植物鲜花挥发性成分，该文利用固相微萃取（SPME）法结合 GC-MS 技术分析了7种石斛（含2个品种）花朵挥发性成分及其相对含量。结果表明：（1）从7种石斛（含2个品种）中共鉴定出52种挥发性化合物，包括萜烯类、酯类、芳香族化合物、含氮化合物、烷烃类、醇类和酮类等7类，其中萜烯类总相对含量最高，为83.25%～94.93%，为主要挥发性成分。（2）7种石斛共同含有（1R）-（+）-α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯和顺式-β-罗勒烯等3种成分，每个品种的相对含量存在差异。其中，顺式-β-罗勒烯在鼓槌石斛、细叶石斛、流苏石斛、翅梗石斛和春石斛‘H1等5种石斛中的含量均最高，分别达到46.09%、46.40%、39.02%、65.96%和54.34%;（1R）-（+）-α-蒎烯在鼓槌石斛、流苏石斛、翅梗石斛、春石斛‘H1和春石斛‘818等5种石斛中的相对含量相对较高，分别为34.11%、25.61%、15.26%、21.11%和23.21%;D-檸檬烯在翅萼石斛和翅梗石斛中的含量较高，分别为16.02%和6.86%，而在其他5种石斛中的含量均较低。（3）β-蒎烯在流苏石斛和翅萼石斛中的相对含量高达19.39%和45.95%，桧烯仅在春石斛‘818中能检测到（12.24%）。这些含量较高的成分可能为主要的香气成分或特征性香气成分。综上结果认为，7种石斛花朵挥发性成分既含有相同的成分也含有不同成分，且含量随种类的不同而不同。这些结果可为研究石斛属植物花香代谢以及产品开发等提供参考价值。

关键词： 石斛属， 花朵， 花香成分， SPME， GC-MS

中图分类号： Q946  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-3142（2021）07-1104-08

Abstract： In order to understand the differences of the volatiles in owers of seven Dendrobium （including 2 cultivars） species，the components and relative contents were determined by solid-phase microextraction （SPME） and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC-MS）.The results were as follows： （1） There are 52 volatile components identified，and these compounds belongs to terpenoids，esters，aromatics，nitrogenous compounds，alcohols and ketones. In all seven， the terpenoids was the main volatiles because the relative content was the most abundant and ranged from 83.25% to 94.93%. （2） There were three components including （1R）-（+）-α-pinene、D-limonene and cis-β-ocimene existed in all 7 species， but the relative content was different in the 7 species. In D. chrysotoxum，D. hancockii， D. fimbriatum， D. trigonopus and D. nobile‘H1， the most abundant components was cis-β-ocimene with relative content of 46.09%、46.40%、39.02%、65.96% and 54.34%， respectively. Then （1R）-（+）-α-pinene， in D. chrysotoxum， D. fimbriatum， D. trigonopus， D. nobile‘H1and ‘818， the relative content was 34.11%， 25.61%， 15.26%， 21.11% and 23.21%， respectively. For D-limonene， the relative contents in D. cariniferum and D. trigonopus were higher than in other species with 16.02% and 6.86%. （3） Another， the relative contents of β-pinene in D. fimbriatum and D. cariniferum were 19.39% and 45.95%. But sabenene was measured only in D. nobile ‘818（12.24%）. Thus， these components with higher relative content were the major volatile components or the characteristic components for the 7 Dendrobium species. In summary， there were some common components and some different components in these Dendrobium species， and the relative content were also different in different species. These results would provide references for researching the metabolism of aroma components and products development of these Dendrobium species.

Key words： Dendrobium， flowers， aroma components， SPME， GC-MS

石斛属（Dendrobium Swartz）为兰科（Orchidaceae）植物三大属之一，其原种约有2 000种，我国有60多种（王雁等，2007）。石斛属植物的花有白色、黄色、绿色、粉红色、粉紫色、紫红色、红棕色和棕色等诸多颜色，形态各异，具有很高的观赏价值，是世界“四大观赏洋兰”，也被誉为“父亲节之花”。……