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巴中市茶树品种现状及品种结构升级建议

2021-09-10李艳红杜春安刘娟

中国茶叶 2021年1期

李艳红 杜春安 刘娟

摘要:通过调查当前巴中市茶树品种结构及分布,分析了当前本地良种比例、品种结构、引种方式、良繁体系建设方面存在的问题,提出了加快本地良种育繁推一体化、加强外地品种引进筛选、强化良种良法配套、开展主栽品种加工创新等促进巴中茶树品种结构升级的建议。

关键词:巴中市;茶树品种;品种结构升级

Planting Status of Tea Cultivars in Bazhong City and

Suggestions for the Upgrading of Cultivar Structure

LI Yanhong1, DU Chun'an2, LIU Juan3

1. Economic Crop Development Center Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, Bazhong 636000, China;

2. Tea Fruit Industry Development Bureau Pingchang County, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, Pingchang 636400, China;

3. Sichuan Rural Fixed Observation Station, Chengdu 610014, China

Abstract: By investigating the current structure and distribution of tea cultivars in Bazhong city, the current problemsin the proportion of local improved cultivars, cultivars structure, introduction methods, and the establishment of a good breeding system were analyzed. The integration of local improved cultivar breeding and promotion was proposedto strengthen the introduction and selection of foreign cultivars. Recommendations to promote the upgradation of tea cultivar structure in Bazhong were also proposed, such as introduction and screening, the matching  of fine cultivarsand methods, and innovations in the processtion of main planted cultivars.

Keywords: Bazhong city, tea cultivar, cultivar structure upgradation

巴中地處四川省东北部、秦巴山区腹地,是典型的高山茶区,茶叶种植历史悠久,茶园面积居全省第四,茶叶产品具有“富硒、高锌、高氨基酸、高EGCG”的特点。面临全国茶叶结构性过剩、产品同质化现象突出的矛盾,如何充分发挥生态资源优势,打好特色牌、优质牌,提升“巴中云顶”品牌市场竞争力,是当前亟需解决的重大课题。品种是保持巴中茶叶“内含物丰富”这一特色的重要保障,本文通过调查分析当前全市茶树品种现状及问题,提出推进巴中茶树品种结构升级的几点建议。

一、茶树品种现状

1. 全市主要茶树品种结构

据调查,巴中市现有栽培茶树品种近20个。主栽无性系品种为福鼎大白茶、名山白毫131、中茶108、中茶302,占全市茶园面积的比例分别为28.3%、19.8%、10.0%、8.6%。群体品种占全市茶园面积18.4%,其中南江大叶茶群体品种占8.3%,四川中小叶群体品种占10.1%。近两年新引进的三花1951、川沐28分别占6.3%、5.0%,目前尚未投产。其余为少量种植的白叶1号、乌牛早、福选9号等(表1)。

2. 主产区主要茶树品种结构

全市茶园主要分布在南江县、通江县、平昌县,三县整体列入全省30个茶叶重点县。……

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