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36份茶树种质资源所制武夷岩茶毛茶的内含成分分析

2021-09-10段联勃徐丹杨丽蓉曹士先徐杰蔡小勇

中国茶叶 2021年1期

段联勃 徐丹 杨丽蓉 曹士先 徐杰 蔡小勇

摘要:文章以武夷山地区36份茶树种质资源样品为试验样本,通过测定样品中L-茶氨酸(L-The)、儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、没食子酸(GA)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、咖啡碱(CAF)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)8种组分的含量,分析武夷岩茶初制加工中不同茶树种质资源之间、鲜叶和毛茶之间生化成分含量的差异。通过聚类分析,将36份茶树种质资源分为3类,发现各类群间GA、EGC、EGCG和儿茶素总量均存在一定的差异。通过对比毛茶与鲜叶各内含成分的转化保有率发现,经过武夷岩茶初制加工工艺后,L-茶氨酸和儿茶素总量的损耗率不超过20%,咖啡碱含量变化不大,没食子酸含量平均提高了40%以上。研究为了解武夷岩茶初制加工工艺,稳定茶叶产品质量提供了一定的数据基础。

关键词:武夷岩茶;种质资源;儿茶素;茶氨酸;咖啡碱

Analysis of Quality Components in Wuyi Rock

Tea Processed with 36 Tea Germplasm Resources

DUAN Lianbo1, 2, XU Dan1, YANG Lirong1, CAO Shixian1, 2, XU Jie1, 2, CAI Xiaoyong1

1. Wuyi Star Tea Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuyishan 354300, China; 2. Fujian Enterprise Technology Center, Wuyishan 354300, China

Abstract: The differences among 36 tea germplasm resources and between fresh tea leaves and primary tea leaves of Wuyi rock tea were analyzed by measuring the eight components including L-theanine (L-The), catechins(C), epicatechin (EC), gallic acid (GA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), caffeine (CAF) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in this study. The further cluster analysis was performed to divide 36 tea germplasm resources into 3 categories with different contents of GA, EGC, EGCG and catechins. By comparing the conversionand retention rates of the component contents of primary tea leaves and fresh leaves, it was found that the loss ratesof the total L-The and catechins were less than 20%. The caffeine content did not change much. The GA contentincreased by more than 40% during the primary processing of Wuyi rock tea. This study provided a certain data basisfor better understanding the preliminary processing technology of Wuyi rock tea and stabilizing the consistency oftea product quality.

Keywords: Wuyi rock tea, germplasm resources, catechins, theanine, caffeine

武夷山独特的环境条件孕育了大量优质茶树种质资源,据文献记载其种类多达1 178种,素有“茶樹品种王国”之称[1-3]。武夷岩茶的品质主要取决于茶树品种和其独特的制作工艺,其中,起决定作用的是茶树品种的特征品质。武夷岩茶制作工艺独特,技术性强,传统武夷岩茶制法包含13道工序,现在的茶厂已初步实现制茶半机械或机械化,制法简化为采摘、萎凋、做青、杀青、揉捻、烘焙6道工序[4],特有的烘焙技术也是形成武夷岩茶香气和独特口感的关键因素。

目前关于武夷山茶树种质资源生化成分的研究多以鲜叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物为主[5-8]。……

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