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早生优质茶树新品种——中茶601

2021-09-10王新超王璐郝心愿杨亚军章志芳曾建明

中国茶叶 2021年1期

王新超 王璐 郝心愿 杨亚军 章志芳 曾建明

摘要:中茶601是从龙井43茶园中发现的变异单株中经单株选拔—扦插扩繁—品比试验—区域试验系统选育而成的适制绿茶新品种。品比和区域试验结果表明,中茶601属早生种,产量较高;制烘青绿茶,外形细紧、绿润鲜活,汤色绿亮,香气清鲜带花香,滋味醇和甘鲜,叶底细嫩匀齐;春季第一轮一芽二叶3年平均含茶多酚16.9%、氨基酸4.1%、咖啡碱3.0%、儿茶素10.8%、水浸出物45.4%;抗寒性较强,耐旱性中等;适宜在浙江、湖北和安徽及气候相似地区种植。中茶601于2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物新品种登记,登记编号:GPD茶树(2020)330024。

关键词:茶树;早生优质;品种;中茶601

An Early-sprouting and Elite

New Tea Cultivar —— 'Zhongcha 601'

WANG Xinchao, WANG Lu, HAO Xinyuan, YANG Yajun*, ZHANG Zhifang, ZENG Jianming

Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Center for Tea Improvement / Key Laboratory of Tea

Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China

Abstract: 'Zhongcha 601' is a new tea cultivar suitable for processing green tea, which is a mutant from 'Longjing 43' and bred by systematic selection including the processes of single plant selection, cutting propagation, strain comparison, and regional adaptation experiment. The results show that 'Zhongcha 601' was an early-sprouting cultivar with high yield. The baked green tea had a slender and sturdy shape, green and glossy appearance, green and bright soup color, fresh and flowery aroma, mellow and sweet taste, and tender and even brewed leaves. Based on the first round picking in three years, the average contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, catechins and water extracts in one bud and two leaves were 16.9%, 4.1%, 3.0%, 10.8% and 45.4% respectively. 'Zhongcha 601' also showed strong cold resistance and moderate drought resistance, and might be suitable for planting in Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other areas with similar climate. It was registered by Ministry of  Agriculture  and Rural Affairs in 2020 with the registration No. GPD tea plant (2020) 330024.

Keywords: tea plant, early-sprouting and elite, cultivar, Zhongcha 60

茶树良种是茶叶生产的物质基础,不断提供满足生产需求的新品种是茶产业可持续发展的重要保证[1-2]。随着市场需求的不断变化,茶叶生产对品种的需求也不断变化,选育早生、优质、有特色的茶树新品种是满足茶叶生产不断变化的需求的必然选择[3-4]。基于此,中国农业科学院茶叶研究所从龙井43的变异后代中采用单株选育法选育出了早生、优质、适制名优绿茶的茶树新品种——中茶601。

一、选育过程

中茶601原名中選8号,来源于龙井43生产茶园中1株变异单株,2005年发现该单株物候期较早,于是开始采制茶样,进行感官审评和生化成分测定。审评结果发现该单株品质较好,于是开始扦插扩繁,并连续3年进行年度物候期和感官品质的重复鉴定。2011—2017年在中国农业科学院茶叶研究所试验园布置品系比较试验,以国家级早生绿茶品种福鼎大白茶为对照种,试验设3次重复,随机区组排列,小区面积10.5 m2,种植规格为单行条栽,行距和丛距分别为150 cm×33 cm,每穴2株。……

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