基于SolidWorks的和谐型电力机车二系圆簧仿真分析
2021-09-10皮优政
皮优政










摘要:广州机务段库内整备检修作业时,多次发现和谐型电力机车二系圆簧断裂故障。本文基于三维建模软件SolidWorks对某和谐型电力机车二系高圆螺旋弹簧建模,利用软件中的simulation工具对模型进行有限元分析。通过分析计算圆簧的静态特性和动态特性得到了二系圆簧动剪应力分布特征。其仿真结果与实际圆簧普遍故障处所吻合度较高,说明了圆簧出现故障的原因,为以后机车二系圆簧的改进提供了参考依据。
关键词:SolidWorks;二系圆簧;动应力;有限元分析
Abstract: During the reconditioning and maintenance in the depot of guangzhou locomotive depot, the secondary spring fracture fault of harmony electric locomotive was found many times .Based on the 3d modeling software SolidWorks, this paper modeled the high-circle helical spring of a harmonious electric locomotive, and made finite element analysis of the model with the simulation tool in the software.By analyzing and calculating the static and dynamic characteristics of spring, the dynamic shear stress distribution characteristics of secondary spring are obtained.The simulation results are in good agreement with the general fault location of the actual spring, and the reasons for the failure of the spring are explained,thus,more references will be provided for the improvement of the second series round spring.
Key words: SolidWorks;secondary sprin;dynamic stress; finite element analysis
0 引言
和諧型电力机车的二系悬挂为“高圆螺旋弹簧+二系垂向油压减震器+二系横向油压减震器”结构。和谐型电力机车每个转向架上对称布置了6个二系圆簧,每侧有3个。12个二系圆簧几乎承载了整个上部车体的重量。作为整个上部车体的衰减缓和振动的减振装置,二系圆簧的质量对机车运行的平稳性和安全性有重大影响。
二系圆簧的主要失效形式是疲劳破坏[1],从而引起断裂。引起疲劳断裂的因素有很多如自身的谐振、弹簧的材料、高速冲击载荷及车体重量等等。如图1所示为某和谐型机车二系圆簧断裂现象。随着我国铁路交通运输的发展,对机车运行的安全性要求越来越高,圆簧的设计必须满足大承载、长寿命和高性能等要求。圆簧失效一般是在行车过程中出现的,因此研究圆簧的动应力是非常有必要的。
弹簧的各项性能试验一般要进行大量的试验,时间周期长,成本高。……
