刘琦

摘要：为了改善柴油机缸内燃烧效果，提高电控共轨系统压力控制精度，利用SIMULINK软件设计了鲁棒性较强的模糊-PID联合控制器，针对电控高压共轨燃油喷射系统的特点建立了仿真模型，模拟计算了模糊-PID联合控制器对共轨压力波动的控制过程，利用试验对仿真结果进行了验证，并探究了标准PID和模糊-PID两种控制器的优越性。结果表明：模糊-PID联合控制器具有良好的稳压作用，显著提高了共轨系统的灵敏程度，且设计参数的选择和匹配合理可行。同标准PID控制器相比，模糊-PID联合控制器的误差小，控制精度高。

关键词：模糊-PID联合控制器;电控共轨系统;柴油机;压力控制

Abstract： In order to optimize the in-cylinder combustion effect of diesel engine， improve the pressure control precision of the electronic controlled common rail system， the fuzzy-PID joint controller with strong robustness was designed by using SIMULINK software and the simulation model was established according to the characteristics of electronic controlled common rail system. The control process of the fuzzy-PID joint controller to the pressure fluctuation of common rail was simulated and calculated. The simulation results were verified by experiments， and the advantages of the standard PID control algorithm and the fuzzy-PID joint control algorithm were explored. The results show that the fuzzy-PID joint controller has a good voltage stabilizing effect and improves the sensitivity of the common rail system significantly， and the selection and matching of the design parameters are reasonable and feasible. Compared with the standard PID controller， the error of fuzzy-PID joint controller is smaller and the control precision is higher.

Key words： fuzzy-PID joint controller;electronic controlled common rail system;diesel engine;pressure control

0  引言

随着经济高速发展导致地球能源的不断消耗以及我们赖以生存的自然环境受到各个方面的持续污染，世界各国对柴油机高效率低排放的要求变得愈发迫切。电控高压共轨系统通过较高的燃油喷射压力和灵活可控的喷油时序，使柴油机在经济性和动力性方面表现出了极大的优越性，越来越受到内燃机领域内研究者们的关注。随着电控共轨技术的发展，共轨压力正呈现出进一步提高的趋势，且较高的共轨压力会产生较大的轨压波动，直接影响燃油流量的精确计量。因此，对共轨系统的压力进行准确控制是十分必要的。

目前柴油機共轨系统的压力调节主要采用标准PID控制器，它的原理是当柴油机在循环工作过程中，利用若干已经赋值且不会变化的参数来描述柴油机的多种工况，如果运行工况变化时间较短，变化范围较小，可以获得较为精准的控制效果，然而柴油机实际的工作过程要复杂得多，精准控制的难度较大。……