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青岛地区中小叶种晒红茶制作工艺

2021-09-10王志鹏臧建成苏春莉

中国茶叶 2021年3期

王志鹏 臧建成 苏春莉

摘要:当前晒红茶主要采用云南省境内的大叶种茶树鲜叶为原料制作而成,而本工艺采用青岛地区中小叶种茶树为原料,经过萎凋、揉捻、发酵、预干燥、日光晒干、低温烘干等环节,没有常规工夫红茶高温烘焙提香的环节。这使得晒红茶保留了更多的活性物质,香气和滋味随着储存时间延长而呈现出不同层次的良好品质特点,突破了常规红茶保质期较短的局限,在合适的贮存条件下可长期贮存,为青岛地区红茶生产加工提供了新思路。

关键词:红茶;中小叶种;日光晒干;低温烘干;感官品质

The Manufacture Craft of Medium and Small

Leaf Sun-dried Black Tea in Qingdao Area

WANG Zhipeng1, ZANG Jiancheng1, SU Chunli2

1. The Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Chengyang District of Qingdao, Qingdao 266109, China;

2. Qingdao Pengfei Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China

Abstract: Currently, the fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica are generally used as raw materials to makesun-dried black tea. In this study,  the medium and small leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis in Qingdao wereused to make conventional congou black tea with the process of withering, rolling, fermentation, pre-drying, sun  drying,low temperature drying, but without the high temperature baking step. This specific manufacture craft results in moreactivate substances in the sun-dried black tea and long-term storage in proper condition. With the extension of storagetime, the sun-dried black tea could exhibit different levels of the aroma and taste, which overcome the short storage time of conventional black tea. This study provided new ideas for production and processing of black tea in Qingdao.

Keywords: black tea, Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, sun drying, low temperature drying, sensory quality

紅茶是全发酵茶,其产量、国际贸易量均居世界首位。山东省青岛市属于我国北部茶区,气候比较干燥、气温偏低,年平均气温12.7 ℃,年平均降水量约662.1 mm,年平均相对湿度为73%。自上世纪50年代山东省实施“南茶北引”以来,青岛地区的茶叶产品一直以绿茶为主。近十几年来,随着人们消费结构的变化,茶叶消费市场日趋多元化,红茶因其特殊的加工工艺而产生的独特口感和保健功能,日益受到国内消费者的青睐,成为新的茶叶消费热点,青岛红茶也在此过程中研制完善,并逐渐得到本地市场认可。但是,随着茶叶市场的竞争加剧、消费产能过剩以及茶叶保质期的局限性,如何突破保质期限制并能继续保持茶叶本身优异品质,从而提高茶叶价值和市场竞争力,就成为茶叶行业不断探索的课题。本文即是在此背景下,在青岛地区探索了中小叶种茶树晒红茶加工新工艺。……

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