茶氨酸的开发利用现状与展望
2021-09-10王锡洪梁慧玲毛斌瑀胡晨唐德松
王锡洪 梁慧玲 毛斌瑀 胡晨 唐德松




摘要:茶氨酸(Theanine)是茶叶内含成分中功能被明确阐述的活性成分,具有保护神经系统、抗抑郁、降血压、缓解疲劳、延缓衰老、调节免疫力、抗肿瘤等多种功效。在美国,茶氨酸被视为“公认安全”而对其用量不作限制规定。因此,开发以茶氨酸为原料的功能性产品具有很大潜力。目前市场上茶氨酸产品以食品为主,功能主要集中于提高睡眠质量方面,还没能涵盖茶氨酸已发现的全面功能,茶氨酸产品还有很大待开发空间。从茶氨酸全球市场分布来看,国内尚以提供茶氨酸原料为主,应逐渐转向以原料和终端产品并重,打造品牌,提升产业竞争力。
关键词:茶氨酸;生物活性;功能食品;市场
The Current Situation and
Prospect of the Utilization of Theanine
WANG Xihong1, 2, LIANG Huiling1, MAO Binyu1, HU Chen1, TANG Desong1*
1. Jinhua Jasmine Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
2. Jinhua Lanxi Economic Specialty Product Technology Promotion Center, Lanxi 321100, China
Abstract: Theanine is one of the active compounds in tea leaves, which has the functions of protecting nervous system, anti-depression, reducing hypertension, relieving fatigue, delaying aging, regulating immunity, anti-tumor and so on. Theanine is regarded as "generally recognized as safe", and there is no restriction on dosage for the utilization. Thus, theanine has a great potential for the development of functional products. Based on the analysis of theanine productson the market at present, it could be found that theanine products were mainly food-based, and their functions weremainly limited in improving sleep quality. The current products had not covered the comprehensive functions of theanine, and there was still a great potential for development of theanine products. The domestic raw materials supplyof theanine should gradually shift to end products to enhance the competitiveness of domestic theanine industry.
Keywords: theanine, bioactivity, functional food, market
茶氨酸(Theanine)是茶叶中特有的一种非蛋白游离氨基酸,1950年由日本科学家从茶树新梢中发现,并将其命名为茶氨酸。茶氨酸早期被用作食品调味剂,20世纪90年代以后,由于其功能活性逐渐被发现,开始用于保健品及药品领域并逐渐拓展。
一、结构与性质
茶氨酸化学上系统命名为N-乙基-γ-L-谷氨酰胺(N-ethyl-γ-L-glutamine,Cas No.: 3081-61-6),分子式:C7H14N2O3,分子結构如图1,熔点217~218 ℃,比旋光度[α] D20 = 0.7°,极易溶于水,不溶于乙醇和乙醚[1]。
茶树中天然存在的茶氨酸均为L型茶氨酸(L-Theanine),在茶叶中占游离氨基酸的30%~60%,是茶叶中含量最多的氨基酸,一般占茶叶干重的1%~5%,在有些特异茶树品种中茶氨酸含量非常高,比如安吉白茶中游离氨基酸和茶氨酸含量分别可达到8.67%和4.8%[2]。
二、功能及安全性
1. 改善食品风味
茶氨酸呈鲜爽味,添加到茶饮料中可以改善茶饮料的风味,在可可饮料和大麦茶、咖啡、人参饮品、啤酒等饮料中添加茶氨酸,风味也可以大为改善[3],且不会影响口感[4-6]。……
