基于土地权利视角 农村空心化治理
2021-09-10谭亚男
谭亚男
摘要:研究目的:分析合理配置土地权利激活附着于土地上的经济机会,增加农业经济机会,增进农民福利,探寻农村人口空心化治理路径。研究方法:文献分析法,理论分析法。研究结论: 我国农村空心化治理要优先保障土地的生产功能,激活附着于土地上的经济机会,落实农民集体的土地所有权,在城乡融合与乡村振兴战略驱动下,把握城市资本下乡与人口返乡的重大机遇,实现农地规模化与农业现代化,缓解和扭转乡村要素朝向城市单向流动的局面。
关键词:土地权利;农村人口空心化;农村空心化;农村土地制度改革
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the rational allocation of land rights to activate economic opportunities attached to the land, increase agricultural economic opportunities, increase farmers’ welfare, and explore the hollowing out governance path of rural population. Research methods: literature analysis, theoretical analysis. Research conclusions: China’s rural hollowing out governance should give priority to ensuring the production function of the land, activate the economic opportunities attached to the land, implement the collective ownership of the peasants, and drive the urban capital to the countryside and the population backed by the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization strategy. A major opportunity for the township to realize the scale of agricultural land and agricultural modernization, and alleviate and reverse the one-way flow of rural elements towards the city.
Key words: land rights; rural population hollowing; rural hollowing; rural land system reform
1 引言
城乡地区收入差异以及农村非农化迁移人口的城乡预期收入差异是农村人口空心化产生的直接原因[1]。在劳动力相对富余的农村地区,土地是农村最主要的社会经济发展要素,人均耕地面积在农村人口非農化迁移初期起到至关重要的作用,人地矛盾驱使农村人口进行非农化迁移。[2]。土地是农村最为丰富的生产要素,土地具有自然属性、经济属性和公共属性,土地的经济属性决定了土地的经济功能,包括生产功能、生活功能、财产功能、投资功能、财政功能,乃至资本功能等[7]。治理农村空心化可以从激活附着在土地上的经济机会着手,合理配置土地权利,盘活集体存量用地、显化集体土地资产、增加产权收入。为农村自主非农化提供条件,增加农村经济机会,减少农村人口流失,有效缓解农村空心化。……
