基因组高通量测序技术进展及其在预防医学中的应用研究
2021-09-10朱学鑫
朱学鑫
【摘要】基因学在近几年得到全面发展,通过对生物基因进行测序分析,进而了解生物生存的秘密,探究生物体出现异变、疾病的原因,对于推动生物体健康成长具有十分重要的意义。尤其是人类,在DNA中携带大量的遗传信息,通过基因测序可以破解这些遗传信息中携带的信息,为疾病预防等提供相应的数据参考。高通量测序技术(英文全称:next-generation sequencing,英文简称:NGS)是进行DNA测序的一种新型手段,此种手段属于“二代测序技术”之中的一种,运用此种技术对于提高基因测序效率具有十分重要的意义。本文将综述基因组高通量测序技术进展,以及此项技术在预防医学中应用进展,希望可以为医学技术发展提供数据支持。
【关键词】高通量测序技术;基因组;预防医学;NGS;DNA片段
【中图分类号】R346 【文献标识码】A 【DOI】10.12332/j.issn.2095-6525.2021.04.285
【Abstract】 Genetics has been fully developed in recent years. By sequencing and analyzing biological genes, understanding the secrets of biological survival and exploring the causes of biological mutations and diseases is of great significance for promoting the healthy growth of organisms. Humans, in particular, carry a large amount of genetic information in their DNA. Through gene sequencing, the information contained in this genetic information can be deciphered to provide corresponding data references for disease prevention and so on. High-throughput sequencing technology (English full name: next-generation sequencing, English abbreviation: NGS) is a new type of DNA sequencing method. This method is one of the “second-generation sequencing technologies”. Improving the efficiency of gene sequencing is of great significance. This article will review the progress of genome high-throughput sequencing technology and the application of this technology in preventive medicine, hoping to provide data support for the development of medical technology.
【Key words】high-throughput sequencing technology; genome; preventive medicine; NGS; DNA fragments
人体健康十分复杂,在打造健康体质上需要对多种影响健康的因素进行分析,以便于从多个影响因素中充分运动积极因素、规避消极因素促进健康体质打造,降低生活中出现疾病的概率、延长人的寿命[1]。预防医学主要研究领域为人体健康打造等,而在人体健康影响因素中遗传因素所占的比例很高,临床上有多数疾病的传播是通过遗传实现的,且遗传本身所蕴含的信息十分庞大,通过对这些遗传信息的分析,对于制定疾病预防等策略具有十分重要的意义[2-3]。NGS技术作为一种基因测序的二代技术,其在基因测序上优势明显,通过对其的使用,对于进一步提高疾病预防的质量具有十分重大的意义。……
