茶叶中草甘膦残留现状与对策
2021-09-10高万君李叶云侯如燕
高万君 李叶云 侯如燕
摘要:近年来,草甘膦作为茶园常用除草剂,茶叶中的残留问题备受关注。文章介绍了茶叶中草甘膦的残留现状、检测方法及草甘膦在茶树中的吸收转运代谢行为;分析了草甘膦代谢产物氨甲基膦酸的毒性和风险状况;针对现阶段茶叶中草甘膦存在的问题及隐患提出了相应的建议,为茶叶农药残留安全提供预警信息。
关键词:茶叶;草甘膦;氨甲基膦酸;残留现状;对策
Status and Countermeasures of
Glyphosate Residue in Tea
GAO Wanjun, LI Yeyun, HOU Ruyan*
School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University/Research Center of Food Nutrition and Safety/
State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
Abstract: Glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide in tea gardens. In recent years, glyphosate residue in tea has attractedmuch attention. This article introduced the residue status, detection methods of glyphosate pesticide in tea and itsabsorption, transport and metabolism behavior in tea plants. The toxicity and risk status of glyphosate metabolite(aminomethylphosphonic acid) were analyzed. In view of the existing problems and potential dangers of glyphosatein tea, corresponding suggestions were put forward to provide early warning for the safety of tea pesticide residues.
Keywords: tea, glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, residue status, countermeasures
我國是产茶大国,茶园面积和茶叶产量均居世界首位。茶树适宜生长在热带和亚热带地区,这种气候也适宜杂草的生长,目前报道的我国茶园杂草种类共412种[1]。杂草与茶树争夺阳光、水分和土壤养分,并易产生茶园病虫害,进而影响茶树生长、茶叶产量和品质。人工除草成本高、效率低。长期以来,使用化学除草剂是茶园杂草防治的重要手段,而草甘膦作为全球使用时间最长、使用范围最广的除草剂,在茶园中普遍使用。由于草甘膦易被土壤钝化,可能长期存在于土壤中被茶树吸收。近年来,有关茶叶中草甘膦残留超标的情况时有发生,针对草甘膦残留,许多国家开始陆续制定更加严格的管理政策和计划调整限量标准。因此,有必要对茶叶中草甘膦残留现状进行综合分析,为我国茶叶草甘膦农药残留控制提供预警信息。
一、草甘膦在茶园中的使用与残留现状
草甘膦(Glyphosate),又称镇草宁、农达、草干膦、膦甘酸,化学名称为N-(磷酸甲基)甘氨酸,由美国孟山都公司开发,是一种内吸传导型广谱灭生性除草剂。……
