西藏茶产业发展现状与对策建议
2021-09-10彭君华刘洪利谭琼
彭君华 刘洪利 谭琼

摘要:西藏具有悠久和独特的饮茶文化,茶产业的发展对于西藏经济发展具有重要的作用。文章从西藏茶文化、茶贸易、茶产业发展几个方面对西藏茶产业发展进行阐述,分析了西藏茶产业区域特点和优势,并提出西藏茶产业发展建议,为更好地推进茶叶区域布局,促进茶叶生产提供借鉴。
关键词:西藏;茶叶;发展
Current Situation and Countermeasure of
Tea Industry Development in
Tibet Autonomous Region
PENG Junhua1,LIU Hongli2,TAN Qiong3
1. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center of Linzhi City, Linzhi 860000, China;
2. Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou 510000, China; 3. Agricultural Mechanization
Management Office of Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510000, China
Abstract: Tibet Autonomous Region has a long history and unique tea-drinking culture. The development of the teaindustry plays an important role in the economic development of Tibet Autonomous Region. This article introducedthe development of Tibet Autonomous Region from the aspects of tea culture, tea trade, and tea industry development,analyzed the regional characteristics and advantages of the tea industry, and suggested the regional layout of tea.At the same time, the article put forward suggestions for the development of Tibet Autonomous Region tea industry,which could provide a reference for the development of corresponding tea production and processing enterprises.
Keywords: Tibet Autonomous Region, tea, development
西藏具有悠久和独特的饮茶文化,分析西藏茶产业区域特点和优势,提出西藏茶产业发展建议,对更好地推进当地茶叶的区域布局和促进茶叶生产都具有现实意义。
一、饮茶历史与文化
传说在茶叶未传入西藏地区之前(公元3—4世纪),西藏先民们曾把一种树木的皮剥下来熬制成汁饮用。到了三国时代,西藏寺庙的喇嘛们开始试种茶树,但以失败告终[1]。学术界对于茶叶传入西藏的最早时间仍存在一定的争论,一些学者依据李肇所著《唐国史补》中记载的“常鲁公使西番,烹茶帐中”认为最早在吐蕃强盛时期(公元7—8世纪初),藏族人民已经认识到了茶叶的存在[2]。
历史上西藏不产茶,饮茶只能从外地运送。在“汉地”,民间往来和军队作战都需要大量的马匹,而西藏盛产良马,两者间的需求也就推动了西藏和“汉地”的茶马交易的出现,“茶马互市”就此出现在历史舞台(图1)。在历经唐、宋、元、明、清多个朝代后,“茶马互市”的发展达到了巅峰[3-4]。近代,由于各种原因“茶马交易”已经消失,但茶叶仍是西藏同胞们生活以及文化中重要的一部分。……
