一种茶树害螨——茶跗线螨
2021-09-10郭华伟周孝贵姚惠明
郭华伟 周孝贵 姚惠明





摘要:茶跗线螨[Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)]是一种世界性害螨,也是茶树上为害较重的害螨之一,主要以若螨和成螨在茶树嫩梢上吸食汁液,被害叶片萎缩、硬化增厚、质地变脆,严重时叶片背面变褐色,生长停滞而脱落,影响茶叶的产量和品质。文章介绍茶跗线螨的为害症状、形态特征、生物学特性和防治方法,供生产上参考。
关键词:茶跗线螨;为害症状;形态特征;生物学特性;防治方法
A Tea Pest——Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)
GUO Huawei,ZHOU Xiaogui,YAO Huiming
Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
Abstract: The yellow tea mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), is one of the major pest mites that seriously infesttea plants worldwide. Both the nymph and adult mites often ingest the cell sap from the tea shoots. The infested leavessubsequently shrink, become harden, thicken and brittle. Severe infestations of mites result in discoloring and droppingof young leaves, and finally causing a large decrease of tea production. This paper introduced the damaging symptom, main morphological features, biological characteristics, and the prevention method of P. latus, in order to provide some suggestions for tea production.
Keywords: Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), damaging symptom, morphological features, biological characteristics, prevention method
2020年9月,杭州梅家塢茶农反映,自家茶树相比别家同品种茶树,嫩叶老化特别快,而且叶片易硬化变脆,边缘易扭曲,但是看不到害虫,故询问笔者是什么原因。根据农户描述,再将受害叶片放在体视显微镜下,罪魁祸首马上纤毫毕现,原来是一种茶树害螨——茶跗线螨。
一、分类与为害症状
茶跗线螨[Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)],又称茶黄螨、茶黄蜘蛛、侧多食跗线螨等,属蜱螨目,跗线螨科,是一种世界性害螨,也是茶树主要害螨之一。
茶跗线螨绝大多数栖息在嫩叶背面,叶片正面的螨量很少。以若螨、成螨群集在新梢嫩芽叶背上吸食汁液,被害叶片萎缩、硬化增厚、质地变脆,为害初期出现针状细长锈斑,直至整个叶背变为枯褐色,生长停滞,易脱落(图1)。
二、形态特征
茶跗线螨成螨体型微小,肉眼几乎不可见(图2)。雌成螨近椭圆形,体长0.20~0.25 mm,宽0.10~0.15 mm,后体段背面中央有纵向乳白色条斑,第四对足纤细。雄成螨近菱形,体长0.16~0.18 mm,宽0.08~0.09 mm,后体段前部较宽。体色初为乳白色,渐变成淡黄、黄绿等色,半透明(图3)。
茶跗线螨卵椭圆形,长0.10~0.11 mm,宽0.07~0.08 mm,无色透明,近孵化时淡绿色,卵壳上有纵向排列整齐的白色圆形泡状突起(图4)。……
