遮阴对茶叶品质和产量影响研究进展
2021-09-10陈家铭吴淑华曾兰亭东方辜大川
陈家铭 吴淑华 曾兰亭 东方 辜大川



摘要:茶树在生长过程中常受到高光和高温等不良环境因素的影响,进而影响茶叶的品质与产量。遮阴作为茶园管理中常用的农艺措施,可以通过改善茶园微环境,尤其是光环境,从色泽、香气和滋味等方面提高茶叶的品质,应用前景广泛。文章综述了近年来关于遮阴對茶叶品质和产量的研究进展,从代谢物水平和基因调控水平阐释遮阴对茶叶色泽、香气和滋味的影响,及遮阴环境下茶树的生理响应与产量变化,并探讨了茶树遮阴操作中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,为进一步的研究与应用提供参考。
关键词:茶树;遮阴;品质;产量
Research Progress on the Influence of Shading on
Tea (Camellia sinensis) Quality and Yield
CHEN Jiaming1,2, WU Shuhua1,2, ZENG Lanting1, DONG Fang3, GU Dachuan1*
1. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China
Abstract: Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are often affected by adverse environmental factors such as high light andhigh temperature during the growth process, which in turn affect the tea quality and yield. Shading is a commonly agronomic measure in the management of tea gardens. It could improve the quality of tea in terms of color, aroma andtaste by enhancing the microenvironment of the tea garden, especially the light environment, which has a broadapplication prospect. This article reviewed the research progress of shading on tea quality and yield in recent years,discussed the effects of shading on tea color, aroma and taste in view of the metabolites and gene regulation, as wellas the physiological response and yield changes of tea plants in a shade environment. In addition, this article also discussed the problems and future research directions in tea plant shading operations, and provided a reference forresearch and application in the future.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis, shading, quality, yield
茶树(Camellia sinensis)属山茶科山茶属,是我国重要的木本经济作物之一,同时也属耐荫植物,喜阴、喜湿、喜漫射光。《大观茶论》中写道:“植茶之地,崖必阳,圃必阴……阴阳相济,则茶之滋长得其宜”。茶是以茶树上的芽叶嫩梢为原料加工制成的饮品,是世界上流行范围最为广泛的非酒精型饮料,仅次于水。茶叶的品质和产量与外界环境条件密切相关,其中光照是影响茶叶品质和产量的重要环境因素之一。春季,茶树体内氮代谢旺盛,进而影响春茶的滋味物质,例如具有鲜爽味的氨基酸含量较高,而苦涩味重的茶多酚和花青素等物质的含量较低,因而春茶是制作绿茶的极佳材料。但是,南方春季常发生“倒春寒”,茶嫩梢易受冻害而减产。因此,如何增强春季茶园抗霜冻能力从而提高春季茶叶产量和经济效益,是茶产业关注的问题之一[1-2]。
