许光泉 潘生强 李亚昊

摘 要：鄂尔多斯盆深部煤层开采导致地下水流场系统生变化，并诱发严重生态环境问题。以鄂尔多斯北部某矿为例，采用遥感与统计分析方法获得地下水位动态变化与和地下水流场特征，并从沉积环境、地质构造及采动模拟分析了其控制因素，结果表明：白垩系地下水动态受大气降水和蒸发影响大而煤层顶板疏放水影响小，但采后其发生变化显著，反映了采动产生垂向裂隙带不仅破坏含水层间的隔水层，且延伸至白垩系含水层内部，使得整个含水层系统地下水流由水平方向转为垂向方向，表征了地下水流动系统演化过程，为深井地下水合理疏放与生态环境保护提供了参考依据。

关键词：地下水动态;影响因素;成因模式;中生代盆地;鄂尔多斯北部

Abstract：Mining deep coal seam in Ordos basin induced the change of groundwater flow system， causing serious ecological environment problems. Taking some mine in the northern Ordos as an example， the controlled factors were analyzed from the sedimentary environment， geological structure and mining simulation when the variation of groundwater level and the characteristics of groundwater field were obtained with remote sensing and statistical analysis methods. The results showed the following facts. The Cretaceous groundwater dynamic was more affected by the precipitation and evaporation， but less affected by diswatering while water level changed significantly after mining. The mining produced vertical fissure zones， which damaged the aquiclude between aquifers， extending to the Cretaceous aquifer， and made groundwater flow from horizontal direction into a vertical one. These facts reveals the evolution process of groundwater flow system and provides an important reference for the reasonable diswatering and the ecological environment protection.

Key words：groundwater dynamics; influencing factors; forming model; mesozoic basin; northern Ordos

地下水資源是人类赖以生存的水资源，随着社会经济高速发展，对地下水资源的依赖程度越来越高[1]，尤其对于我国水资源匮乏的西部鄂尔多斯盆地尤为重要。从矿产资源开发长期地下水动态监测分析发现，人类采掘活动对地下水动态变化影响较大[2]，不仅减少地下水资源储存量，同时也改变了地下水流系统，对矿山水害防治与生态环境保护至关重要[3]。20世纪40年代，贝塔朗菲提出系统论[4]，随之被应用于水文地质研究领域。此后，提出越流理论，建立了多个含水层的地下水系统[5]。随着地下水资源开发规模不断扩大，出现了水资源紧缺和生态环境恶化等一系列问题[6]，需要开展以含水系统为对象的地下水水流系统研究[7]。……