侯文焕 唐兴富 廖小芳 李初英 赵艳红

摘要：【目的】探究菜用黄麻不同生育期各部位有机硒的分布特性，為富硒菜用黄麻生产提供理论依据与技术指导。【方法】以圆果种菜用黄麻品种桂麻菜1号和桂麻菜2号为试验材料，种植于中硒土壤（pH 6.02，总硒含量0.221 mg/kg），分别于采收期（苗期、打顶期、开花期）和蒴果期测定根、茎、叶及蒴果的蛋白硒、硒代胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸含量及采收期叶的总硒含量。【结果】2个品种各部位蛋白硒、硒代胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸含量分别为0.034～0.173 mg/kg、2.857～16.053 μg/kg和26.076～135.235 μg/kg;采收期各部位有机硒含量依次为叶>根>茎，蒴果期依次为叶>根>蒴果>茎，且叶的含量显著高于茎（P<0.05，下同）。随生育期延长，2个品种根和叶的有机硒含量在蒴果期达最高值，且显著高于苗期;茎的有机硒含量在打顶期达最高值，且显著高于开花期和蒴果期。采收期2个品种叶的总硒含量分别为96.739～106.023 μg/kg和113.778～137.841 μg/kg，硒代氨基酸占总硒含量的74.351%～80.098%，均达到广西富硒农产品标准（>65%）的要求。【结论】菜用黄麻有机硒分布的主要部位是叶，蒴果期是叶和根吸收硒的关键时期。桂麻菜  1号和桂麻菜2号种植于中硒土壤时，采收期其可食用部位均可达富硒农产品要求，可作为富硒蔬菜在中硒土壤区域推广种植。

关键词： 菜用黄麻;蛋白硒;硒代胱氨酸;硒代蛋氨酸;富硒农产品

中图分类号： S636.9                              文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）05-1222-07

Abstract：【Objective】To explore the distribution characteristics of organic selenium in different parts of vegetable jute during different growth periods and to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production of selenium-rich vegetable jute. 【Method】The experiment was conducted on the medium selenium soil with a total selenium content of 0.221 mg/kg and a pH of 6.02， the Corchorus capsularis Guimacai 1 and Guimacai 2 were used as the materials. The contents of protein selenium， selenocysteine and selenomethionine in roots，stems，leaves，capsules and total selenium content in leaves at the harvesting stage（seedling stage，topping stage and flowering stage）and capsule stage were determined respectively. 【Result】The contents of protein selenium， selenocysteine and selenomethionine in each part of the two varie-ties were 0.034-0.173 mg/kg， 2.857-16.053 μg/kg and 26.076-135.235 μg/kg， respectively. The contents of organic selenium at harvesting stage of the two varieties were leaves>roots>stems. At the capsule stage， the organic selenium content in each part was leaves>roots>capsules>stems， the organic selenium content of leaves was significantly higher than that of stems（P<0.05， the same below）. With the prolongation of growth period， the content of organic selenium in the leaves and roots of the two varieties reached the highest value at capsule stage， which was significantly higher than that in seedling stage. The content of organic selenium in the stems reached the highest value at the topping stage， and significantly higher than that at the flowering stage and capsule stage. The total selenium content in the leaves of the two varieties during the harvesting stage was 96.739-106.023 μg/kg and 113.778-137.841 μg/kg， respectively. The selenium amino acids accounted for 74.351%-80.098% of the total selenium content，which all met the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products product standard（>65%） in Guangxi. 【Conclusion】Leaf is the main part of organic selenium distribution in vegetable jute. The capsule stage is key period of selenium uptake by leaf and root. The edible parts of Guimacai 1 and Guimacai 2 can meet the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products， when they are planted in medium selenium soil. So they can be promoted as selenium-rich vegetables in middle-selenium soil area.

Key words： vegetable jute; selenium protein; selenocysteine; selenomethionine; selenium-rich agricultural products

Foundation item：National Jute Industry Technique System Construction Project（CARS-16S15）; Basic Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Guinongke 2021YT061， Guinongke 2020YM114）

0 引言

【研究意义】硒是人体和动物必需的微量元素，具有抗衰老、提高免疫力、抗癌等功效，对动植物的新陈代谢起着关键作用（Pieczyńska and Grajeta，2015;李金峰等，2016;熊军等，2019）。硒在自然界中大多以无机盐形式存在，而在生物体内大多为有机硒形态，包括硒蛋白、硒代氨基酸、硒多糖及硒核酸等，其中硒代氨基酸则是人们日常膳食中获取硒的最主要来源（宁婵娟等，2013;赵谋明等，2019）。只有经过植物生物转化形成的有机硒对人体才是安全的，富硒农产品是实现人体补硒的有效途径（Chilimba et al.，2012;侯松等，2018）。菜用黄麻为富硒能力较……