余侃 肖秋水 黄思思 龙小玲 蔡端午 刘金龙 郑威

摘要：【目的】探索生物有机硒对不同水稻品种农艺、经济和品质等性状及稻米中重金属和硒含量的影响，筛选品质优良、安全性高和富硒能力强的优质水稻品种，为安全、简单和低成本的富硒水稻生产技术推广提供参考依据。【方法】以湖北省主推的10个优质水稻品种为试验材料，于灌浆初期分别叶面喷施同等剂量的生物有机硒溶液（硒浓度50 mg/L）和清水（CK），成熟后5点取样对每小区水稻的农艺、经济和品质性状及精米硒含量和重金属含量进行检测。【结果】生物有机硒对水稻株高和有效穗数无显著影响（P>0.05），但可不同程度地提高8个水稻品种的每穗总粒数（1.09%～5.52%）和每穗实粒数（2.64%～6.54%）、9个品种的千粒重（0.73%～3.61%）和所有品种的结实率（0.96%～4.81%）。生物有机硒处理对水稻的品质性状有一定改善作用，其中润珠香占的垩白度和天两优616的垩白粒率分别较CK降低46.67%和21.88%，虾稻1号的整精米率较CK提高8.78%，香润2号的胶稠度较CK提高10.00%，差异均达显著水平（P<0.05）。但生物有机硒对稻米粒型、直链淀粉含量和碱消值的影响较小。生物有机硒处理能提高10个水稻品种的精米总硒含量和有机硒含量，最大增幅分别达394.44%和453.19%，且有機硒占比均达95.00%以上;同时能在一定程度上降低部分水稻品种精米中铅和镉等有害重金属的含量，提高其安全性。【结论】硒对水稻性状的影响及稻米对硒的富集能力存在一定的品种差异性。综合分析，虾稻1号和丰两优香1号在产量、品质等性状上的表现较佳且富硒能力较强，可作为优质富硒稻米品种在湖北地区推广种植。

关键词： 生物有机硒;水稻品种;农艺经济性状;品质性状;重金属

中图分类号： S511                             文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）05-1206-09

Abstract：【Objective】The objective of this research was to screen high-quality rice varieties with good quality， high safety and strong selenium（Se） enrichment ability， so as to provide a reference for the promotion of safe， simple and low-cost selenium-enriched rice production technology， analyzed the effects of bioorganic selenium on agronomic， economic and quality characteristics of different rice varieties， as well as heavy metals and selenium content in rice. 【Method】The experiment was carried out with 10 high quality rice varieties mainly planted in Hubei as the experimental materials，  bioorganic selenium solution（selenium concentration 50 mg/L） and water （CK） were sprayed on the leaves at the early stage of filling， respectively， samples were taken at 5 points after ripening to detect the agronomic， economic and quality chara-cters， selenium content and heavy metal content of rice in each plot. 【Result】The results showed that the biological organic selenium treatment had no significant effect（P>0.05） on rice plant height and effective panicle number， however， the total number of grains per panicle（1.09%-5.52%） and the number of grains per panicle（2.64%-6.54%） of 8 varieties， the 1000-grain weight（0.73%-3.61%） of 9 varieties and the seed setting rate（0.96%-4.81%） of all varieties were increased in different degrees， there by it could achieve increasing production on rice. Bioorganic selenium treatment could improve the quality of rice to a certain extent， the chalkiness of Runzhuxiangzhan and the chalky grain rate of Tianliangyou 616 were decreased by 46.67% and 21.88% compared with CK， respectively， the whole polished rice rate of Jin 214 increased by 8.78%， the gel consistency of Xiangrun 2 reached a significant difference（P<0.05） compared with the CK， and increased by 10.00%. Bioorganic selenium had little influence on grain shape， amylose content and alkali spreading value at the same time. The total selenium content and organic selenium content of the 10 rice varieties could be increased by bioorganic selenium treatment， and the maximum increase reached 394.44% and 453.19%， respectively，and the proportion of organic selenium was more than 95.00%. Meanwhile， it could reduce the content of lead and cadmium in milled rice to a certain extent and improve its safety. 【Conclusion】The effects of selenium on rice characteristics and rice selenium enrichment capacity have certain variety differences， comprehensive analysis shows that Jin 214 and Fengliangyouxiang No.1 have better performance in yield， quality and selenium enrichment ability， and can be used as high quality and selenium-enriched rice varieties in Hubei.

Key words： bioorganic selenium; ricevarieties; agronomic and economic characteristics; quality characters; heavy metals

Foundation item： Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation project（2019-620-000-001-39）

0 引言

【研究意义】硒是人体必需的微量营养元素，在维持人体健康免疫系统和降低癌症风险方面发挥重要作用（Carlisle et al.，2020）。中国成年人的日均硒摄入量（43.3 μg）远低于中国营养学会推荐的硒摄入下限值60 μg/d（黄太庆，2019）。通过日常饮食满足硒的摄入量是维持居民健康的重要途径。我国60%的居民以稻米为主食，但中国市场上稻米硒含量普遍较低（平均值0.025 mg/kg），稻米硒含量低已成为影响我国居民硒摄入量的重要因素（何巧等，2019）。中国……