田双燕 张应龙 何天久 牛力立 王庆 吴再辉 肖力力 田山君

摘要：【目的】分析馬铃薯间作玉米模式下马铃薯生长、产量及糖类物质的变化情况，为促进马铃薯与玉米合理间作模式的推广应用提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验方法，设马铃薯单作（对照）和间作（2行马铃薯间作2行玉米）2种栽培模式，结合田间观测与室内测定，分析马铃薯间作玉米对马铃薯生长、产量和糖类物质的影响。【结果】与马铃薯单作相比，马铃薯间作玉米模式下马铃薯的茎粗、单株主茎数、单株匍匐茎和单株根干物质重量及单株结薯数无显著变化（P>0.05），但间作可提高马铃薯单株分枝数、单株匍匐茎数、单株小叶叶片数、单株叶面积、单株茎叶和单株块茎的干物质重量，并显著提高马铃薯的株高、单薯重、单株产量及复合产量（P<0.05，下同）。随着间作时间的延长，间作马铃薯叶片、匍匐茎和块茎中糖类物质均有不同程度的降低，其中对叶片的影响较大，间作马铃薯叶片的蔗糖、果糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量在块茎增长期和淀粉积累期均显著低于单作。【结论】与马铃薯单作相比，马铃薯与玉米2∶2行比间作模式下，马铃薯具有一定的生长优势，复合产量显著提高，该间作模式可在实际生产中推广应用。

关键词： 马铃薯;间作;生长;产量;糖类物质

中图分类号： S532;S344.2                        文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）05-1198-08

Abstract：【Objective】To analyze the changes of potato growth， yield and carbohydrate under potato-maize intercro-pping mode， so as to provide reference for promoting the application of potato-maize intercropping mode. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted to establish two cultivation models of potato monoculture（CK） and  intercropping（two rows of potato intercropping with two rows of maize）. The effects of potato-maize intercropping on potato growth， yield and carbohydrate content were analyzed by field observation and laboratory analysis. 【Result】Compared with potato monoculture， the stem diameter， the main stems number per plant， dry matter weight of stolon and root per plantand the tubers number per plant had no significant change（P>0.05）. However， intercropping could increased the number of branches， stolons and leaflets per plant， the leaf area per plant， the stem， leaf and tuber dry weight per plant. The potato height，single tuber weight， yield per plant and compound yield were significantly higher than those of control group（P<0.05，the same below）. With the extension of intercropping time， the contents of carbohydrates in leaves， stolons and tubers of potato of intercropping decreased to some extents， among which the effect on leaves was greater. The contents of sucrose， fructose， soluble sugar and starch in potato leaves of intercropping were significantly lower than those of potato monoculture at tuber development period and starch accumulation period. 【Conclusion】Compared with potato monoculture， the intercropping mode of potato and maize with 2∶2 row ratio has certain growth advantages， and the compound yield increa-ses significantly. This intercropping mode can be promoted in actual production.

Key words： potato; intercropping; growth; yield; carbohydrate

Foundation item： National Potato Industry Technology System Construction Project（CARS-09-ES25）; Biology First-rate Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou（GNYL〔2017〕009）; Research Fund Project of Introducing Talents in Guizhou University（GDRJHZ〔2015〕06）

0 引言

【研究意义】马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）是世界四大重要粮食作物之一，中国是马铃薯生产大国（刘洋等，2014），马铃薯生产在保障国家粮食安全方面具有重要地位。间套作是一种广泛应用的农业栽培模式，指在同一块田地上，生长季节相近或相似的两种或两种以上作物按一定比例分行或分带种植，可有效提高农业资源利用效率和作物产量（杨友琼和吴伯志，2007），在多种作物中广泛利用（杜春凤等，2017）。马铃薯间作玉米是经典的高位作物与低位作物搭配的传统栽培模式，是我国西南地区大面积应用的农业种植模式（隋启君等，2008）。在玉……